Enhancing water and sanitation project performance in a developing economy: Role of governance mechanisms and risk management practices

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Table 1. Construct reliability and convergent validity

Variables	Item codes	Loading	Cronbach’s alpha	Composite reliability (rho_a)	Composite reliability (rho_c)	Average variance extracted (AVE)
Contractual Governance	CGCHA1	0.788	0.747	0.782	0.852	0.657
	CGCHA2	0.794
	CGCHA3	0.849
Project Performance	PAWAR1	0.757	0.869	0.882	0.897	0.555
	PAWAR2	0.708
	PAWAR3	0.705
	PAWAR4	0.716
	PQUAL2	0.767
	PQUAL4	0.761
	PQUAL6	0.798
Relational Governance	RLGTR1	0.758	0.799	0.801	0.869	0.625
	RLGTR2	0.843
	RLGTR3	0.763
	RLGTR4	0.794
Risk Management Practices	RMPAS1	0.778	0.807	0.822	0.863	0.560
	RMPAS4	0.815
	RMPAS5	0.712
	RMPRC1	0.746
	RMPRC2	0.781

Table 2. Discriminant validity: heterotrait–monotrait ratio (HTMT) – matrix

	1	2	3	4
Contractual Governance (1)
Project Performance (2)	0.504
Relational Governance (3)	0.576	0.652
Risk Management Practices (4)	0.366	0.636	0.705

Table 3. Correlation analysis

	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4
Contractual Governance (1)	1.515	.434	1.000
Relational Governance (2)	1.869	.624	.569**	1.000
Risk Management Practices (3)	2.076	.730	.563**	.619**	1.000
Project Performance (4)	1.551	.494	.649**	.598**	.600**	1.000

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).

Figure 2. PLS-SEM for project performance.

Table 4. Hypotheses tests results β T stat P values Bca β T stat P values Bca

	β	t Stat	p Value	BCA
ContractualGovernance -> ProjectPerformance	0.234	2.114	.035	0.009, 0.431
ContractualGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices	0.047	0.368	.713	0.222, 0.278
RelationalGovernance -> ProjectPerformance	0.247	1.708	.088	0.039, 0.529
RelationalGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices	0.576	7.123	.000	0.379, 0.707
RiskManagementPractices-> ProjectPerformance	0.354	2.741	.006	0.085, 0.597
RelationalGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices-> ProjectPerformance	0.204	2.404	.016	0.052, 0.389
ContractualGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices -> ProjectPerformance	0.017	0.362	.717	0.085, 0.106
ContractualGovernance -> ProjectPerformance	0.251	1.952	.050	0.023, 0.482
ContractualGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices	0.047	0.368	.713	0.222, 0.278
RelationalGovernance -> ProjectPerformance	0.451	4.023	.000	0.201, 0.646
RelationalGovernance -> RiskManagementPractices	0.576	7.123	.000	0.379,0.707
RiskManagementPractices-> ProjectPerformance	0.354	2.741	.006	0.085, 0.597