Antecedents of happiness at work: The moderating role of gender

Figures & data

Table 1. Item loadings, composite reliability and average variance extracted

Construct	Item	Loadings	*AVE	**CR	Construct	Item	Loadings	AVE	CR
Happiness at work	HAW1- SatWk	0.60	0.52	0.91	Human resource practices	HRP1	0.80	0.55	0.89
	HAW2- SatSv	0.64				HRP2	0.81
	HAW3- SatCw	0.51				HRP3	0.45
	HAW4- SatPay	0.61				HRP4	0.58
	HAW5- SatPro	0.63				HRP5	0.72
	HAW6-Comt1	0.63				HRP6	0.84
	HAW7-Comt2	0.78				HRP7	0.68
	HAW8-Comt3	0.58				HRP8	0.76
	HAW9-Comt4	0.79			Perceived organizational support	POS1	0.87	0.61	0.91
	HAW10-Com5	0.78				POS2	0.90
	HAW11-Comt6	0.78				POS3	0.73
	HAW12-Comt7	0.80				POS4	0.82
	HAW13-Comt8	0.62				POS5	0.81
	HAW14-Comt9	0.72				POS6	0.46
	HAW15- Eng1	0.60				POS7	0.48
	HAW16- Eng2	0.70				P0S8	0.83
	HAW17- Eng3	0.69			Organizational respect for non-work	OR2N	0.86	0.68	0.91
	HAW18- Eng4	0.79				OR2N	0.81
	HAW19- Eng5	0.78				OR2N	0.84
	HAW20- Eng6	0.57				OR2N	0.87
	HAW21- Eng7	0.72				OR2N	0.77
	HAW22- Eng8	0.66			* AVE = Average Variance Extracted ** CR = Composite Reliability Shaded cells representing the deleted items
	HAW23- Eng9	0.47
Passion for work	Pass1	0.75	0.60	0.88
	Pass2	0.74
	Pass3	0.83
	Pass4	0.79
	Pass5	0.75
Psychological Capital	PsyCap1	0.79	0.51	0.91
	PsyCap2	0.78
	PsyCap3	0.60
	PsyCap4	0.53
	PsyCap5	0.82
	PsyCap6	0.81
	PsyCap7	0.72
	PsyCap8	0.62
	PsyCap9	0.49
	PsyCap10	0.67
	PsyCap11	0.61
	PsyCap12	0.71

Table 2. Constructs descriptive statistics and inter-construct correlation matrix

Construct*	Mean	SD**	α***	HAW	POS	HRPs	OR	Passion	PsyCap
Happiness at work (HAW)	4.75	1.18	0.90	0.72****
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)	3.93	1.35	0.89	0.67	0.78
Human Resource Practices (HRPs)	4.04	1.35	0.86	0.61	0.66	0.74
Organizational Respect for non-work (OR)	3.83	1.51	0.89	0.51	0.73	0.70	0.82
Passion for work	4.71	1.09	0.84	0.67	0.47	0.42	0.30	0.77
Psychological Capital (PsyCap)	4.73	1.07	0.87	0.63	0.53	0.61	0.40	0.53	0.71

* Six-point Likert scale, ** SD= Standards Deviation, *** α = Cronbach’s Alpha, **** Square root of AVE in diagonal.

Figure 1. Research model and results.

Table 3. Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT)

Construct*	HAW	POS	HRPs	OR	Passion	PsyCap
Happiness at workplace (HAW)
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)	0.73
Human Resource Practices (HRPs)	0.78	0.82
Organizational respect for non-work (OR)	0.56	0.80	0.76
Passion for work	0.74	0.53	0.48	0.34
Psychological Capital (PsyCap)	0.78	0.59	0.67	0.45	0.59

Table 4. Structural estimates

Hi	Path	Beta (β)	T- Statistic	Decision	f^2
H1	Passion ➔ Happiness	0.322	7.633**	Supported	0.263
H2	PsyCap ➔ Happiness	0.327	7.425**	Supported	0.217
H3	HRPs ➔ Happiness	0.254	4.454**	Supported	0.074
H4	POS ➔ Happiness	0.127	2.419*	Supported	0.020
H5	OR ➔ Happiness	0.032	0.734^n.s	Not Supported	0.002

Notes: Critical t-values. *1.96 (p < 0.05); **2.58 (p < 0.01).

s = Not Significant.

Table 5. Bootstrapping results for two groups of gender differences

Hi		Beta (β)- diff (Male—Female)	p-Value	Decision
H6	Passion ➔ Happiness	−0.014	0.912n.s	Not Supported
	PsyCap ➔ Happiness	−0.052	0.672n.s	Not Supported
	HRPs ➔ Happiness	0.042	0.685n.s	Not Supported
	POS ➔ Happiness	0.104	0.253n.s	Not Supported
	OR ➔ Happiness	−0.027	0.743n.s	Not Supported

Notes: n.s = Not Significant.

Table 6. PLS/MGA Parametric test results

Path	Path Coefficients-diff (Male—Female)	t-Value (Male vs Female)	p-Value (Male vs Female)
Passion ➔ Happiness	−0.027	0.318	0.751^n.s
PsyCap ➔ Happiness	0.104	1.076	0.283^n.s
HRPs ➔ Happiness	−0.052	0.448	0.654^n.s
POS ➔ Happiness	−0.014	0.119	0.905^n.s
OR ➔ Happiness	0.042	0.419	0.675^n.s

Notes: Critical t-values. *1.96 (p < 0.005); **2.58 (p < 0.01); n.s. = Not Significant.