A systematic literature review on organizational citizenship behavior: conceptualization, antecedents, and future research directions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram of study’s’ screening and selection. Source: Adapted from (Rashman, Withers, & Hartley, 2009; Tawfik et al., 2019).

Figure 2. Nature of the studies. Source: Own Survey (2022).

Figure 3. OCB studies by sector. Source: Own survey (2022).

Figure 4. OCB studies by country. Source: Own survey (2022).

Figure 5. OCB studies by nature of organization. Source: Own Survey (2022).

Table 1. Types of OCB measured.

OCB Type	Number	Percentage
General OCB	18	34
OCBI	5	9
Extra-role behavior	13	24
Helping/prosocial behavior	3	6
OCBI&GOCB	3	6
GOCB	7	13
OCBI&OCBO	4	8
Total	53	100

Source: Own Survey (2022).

Table 2. Types of OCB measurement scales used.

Scale Author(s)	Number	Percentage
Author’s scale	15	28
Podsakoff et al. (1990)	9	17
Williams and Anderson (1991)	3	5
Organ (1988)	2	4
Podsakoff et al. (1997)	2	4
Farh et al. (1997)	2	4
LePine et al (2002)	1	2
Moorman and Blakely (1995)	1	2
Strauss and Corbin (1990)	1	2
Fox and Spector (1994)	1	2
Hunt et al. (1985)	1	2
Other/unclear/not applicable	15	28
Total	53	100

Source: Own survey (2022).

Table 3. Data collection methods and type of respondents, of OCB studies.

Data Source	Number	Percentage
Survey	37	70
Interview/ Focus Group Discussion	3	6
Document analysis	9	17
Mixed	4	7
Total	53	100
OCB Measured Using:
Self-reported	24	45
Supervisor	3	6
Coworker	7	13
Supervisor & Subordinate	9	17
Unclear/not applicable	10	19
Total	53	100

Source: Own Survey (2022).

Figure 6. Data analysis methods. Source: Own survey (2022).

Figure 7. Model/theory employed.  Source: Own survey (2022).

Table 4. Antecedents of OCB.

Types of antecedents	Number	Percentage
Employees Characteristics	26	49
Task Characteristics	10	19
Leadership Behaviors	7	13
Group Characterstics	1	2
Others	9	17
Total	53	100

Source: Own survey (2022).

Figure 8. Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior. Source: Developed by the researchers (2022).

Rashman, L., Withers, E., & Hartley, J. (2009). Organizational learning and knowledge in public service organizations: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(4), 463–494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00257.x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Tawfik, G. M., Dila, K. A. S., Mohamed, M. Y. F., Tam, D. N. H., Kien, N. D., Ahmed, A. M., & Huy, N. T. (2019). A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis with simulation data. Tropical Medicine and Health, 47(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0165-6

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7

 Google Scholar

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington books/DC heath and com.

 Google Scholar

Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.262

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. C. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(3), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393733

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: a critical review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.52

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160204

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Sage publications.

 Google Scholar

Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (1994). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C). Loyola University Chicago.

 Google Scholar

Hunt, S. D., Chonko, L. B., & Wood, V. R. (1985). Organisational Commitment and Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251181

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.