Digital literacy and business transformation: social-cognitive learning perspectives in small business enterprises

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 1. Demography characteristics.

Demographic		Frequency	Percent (%)
Gender	Male	102	35%
	Female	191	65
Age	17 s/d 23	18	6.14
	24 s/d 30	41	13.99
	31 s/d 37	52	17.75
	38 s/d 44	65	22.18
	45/d 51	82	27.99
	52 s/d 58	28	9.56
	>60	7	2.39
Number of employees	1 s/d 4	229	78
	5 s/d 19	64	22

Figure 2. Measurement of the outer model.

Table 2. The statistical result of composite reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and AVE.

Variable	AVE	Composite reliability	Cronbach’s alpha
Locus of control	0.648	0.734	0.729
Need for achievement	0.751	0.872	0.835
Social capital	0.729	0.823	0.816
Digital literacy	0.747	0.833	0.831
IT infrastructure	0.874	0.856	0.856
Digital business transformation	0.560	0.846	0.842

Table 3. The R-square (R²) value estimate.

Variable	R-square
Digital business transformation	0.458
Digital literacy	0.377

Table 4. The Q-square (Q²) value estimate.

Variables	Q2 (=1-SSE/SSO)
Digital literacy	0.413
Digital business transformation	0.351

Table 5. HTMT ratio (heterotrait and monotrait).

	Digital business transformation	Digital literacy	IT infrastructure	Locus of control	Need for achievement	Social capital	Moderating effect IT infrastructure
Digital business transformation
Digital literacy	0.713
IT infrastructure	0.691	0.705
Locus of control	0.438	0.439	0.320
Need for achievement	0.475	0.463	0.376	0.386
Social capital	0.624	0.692	0.565	0.424	0.497
Moderating effect IT infrastructure	0.249	0.168	0.155	0.217	0.184	0.258

Table 6. Hypotheses test results.

Relationship between variables	Direct effect [ß]	Moderating effect (ß)	T statistics [|O/STDEV|]	p-Values	Summary
Locus of control → Digital literacy	0.144		2.693	0.007	Accepted
Need for ACHIEVEMENT → Digital Literacy	0.153		2.811	0.005	Accepted
Social capital → Digital literacy	0.465		7.880	0.000	Accepted
Digital literacy → Digital business transformation	0.375		5.340	0.000	Accepted
Digital literacy → IT infrastructure → Digital transformation		0.099	1.898	0.058	Rejected

Table A1. The survey instrument.

Variables	Item
Locus of control	LOC1	When I make plans, I’m almost certain to make them work
	LOC2	I can pretty much determine what will happen in my life
	LOC3	My life is determined by my own actions
Need for achievement	NFA1	I would rather do now and then.
	NFA2	I like doing.
	NFA3	I like doing very much.
Social capital	SC1	I interactively learn from others
	SC2	I discuss issues with others in a constructive way when things go wrong
	SC3	I usually exchange opinions and ideas during decision making on task issues
	SC4	I regularly exchange information with community
	SC5	I collaborate with different project members to get information about customers’ needs
	SC6	I often connect with other projects within the organization to get new product ideas
	SC7	My colleagues are mutually trusting and supportive of change.
	SC8	My organizational climate welcomes the development of new ideas.
Digital literacy	DL1	I am able to search for and access data, information, and digital media content as needed
	DL2	I am able to filter data, information, and content as needed in digital media
	DL3	I am able to direct/manage the search for data, information and content according to my needs in digital media
	DL4	I’m used to finding out if the information I find on websites is true or false
	DL5	I am used to finding out who is the author of information to know its track record/credibility
	DL6	I am used to comparing sources of information to decide if the information is correct
	DL7	I am able to connect my device to the wifi network
	DL8	I am able to download files/applications from the internet
	DL9	I am able to upload (upload) files to the internet
Digital business transformation	DBT1	Novel partnerships for business transformation
	DBT2	Updated business transformation customer relationships for business transformation
	DBT3	Revisions to revenue architecture for business transformation
	DBT4	Novel delivery channels for business transformation
	DBT5	Re-segmentation for business transformation
	DBT6	Revised value proposition from the product/service for business transformation
IT Infrastructure	ITI1	the hardware that we have for business is always updated at least once every 2 (two) years
	ITI2	The hardware we have is adequate for business needs
	ITI3	the speed of the internet network that we have at our place of business is adequate
	ITI4	network/data security on our business computers can be maintained properly
	ITI5	the software available for our business is suitable for knowledge sharing needs
	ITI6	The software available for our business can be accessed through various devices (PC/laptop, cellphone, etc.)
	ITI7	the software we use for business can speed up the time to complete work
	ITI8	In my business environment there is an adequate internet network for cooperation and collaboration with partners
	ITI9	In my business environment there is adequate internet speed for cooperation and collaboration with partners
	ITI10	In my business environment there are sufficient applications for cooperation and collaboration with partners
	ITI11	In my business environment there are adequate alternative communication media for cooperation and collaboration with partners.
	ITI12	In my business environment there are adequate communication media tools for cooperation and collaboration with partners.
	ITI13	In my business environment there is an adequate database for cooperation and collaboration with partners and conducting market analysis

Data availability statement

The authors are available to share the data collected for this purpose upon reasonable request, namely for research purposes. If you are interested in this data, please contact the corresponding author, Kusdi Raharjo.