Design thinking as a medium of professionalism and learning: A case of business incubator

Figures & data

Table 1. The detail description of participants

Participant name & code	Study program	Scope of project
Dendy-P1	Interior Product Design	The design of multifunctional furniture set for café It can add productivity and the needs of users who come to Zybrick Coffee This furniture supports the user café with the activity not only enjoying coffee, but also doing other activities (doing tasks, networking, playing, etc.)
Stella-P2	Interior Product Design	The design of furniture sets for family activities in residential areas It is a blueprint design that aims to accommodate complex user activities in the family room It makes the alternative idea on the market to solve the existing problems in the family room on the narrow residential
Olin-P3	Interior Design & Styling	Interior Design of Dolanan (Game Edutainment) for Children 4–12 years old The design of this interior as a blueprint that aims to accommodate the entertainment and educational facilities for children in Surabaya It is packed with modern and distinctive concept of local culture of East Java, namely “Dolanan”
Grace-P4	Interior Design & Styling	Break-time Space for elementary school It is a break area that can be used as a place to interact, play and lunch The design reduces the social gap among students of Catholic Elementary School of St. Carolus in Surabaya so that the interaction of students with colleagues and the environment can be more leverage
Erly-P5	Architecture	Spatial Study of Heritage Tourism and Preservation of Old Town Site Surabaya It is a cooperation project developed by Widyakartika’s Industrial Design and Built Environment Center (Pusdewika) This design intends to develop corridor segment area in Surabaya, namely Petekan Bridge—Merah Bridge to be the positive historical area
Jessica-P6	Interior Product Design	Modular Furniture for Exhibition of Student Design Work This furniture design is present to facilitate the exhibition done with short preparation and organizing by the students and Interior Design Department of Petra Christian University This design accommodates the feasibility, functional and practical value of the needs of various products presented
Gani-P7	Interior Product Design	Design of Multifunction Furniture for Relaxation in Villa Area The design accommodates the human needs for rest, namely relaxation The study include the materials, esthetics of furniture, and detailed ergonomic dimension to support comfort in use The target location of the object is in the hilly area of Villa Grand Trawas Mojokerto, East Java
Yongky-P8	Architecture	The Prospect and Spatial Challenges of Trade and Service Areas on the waterfront of the Kalimas River at Surabaya It is a cooperation project developed by Widyakartika’s Industrial Design and Built Environment Center (Pusdewika) This design intends to develop corridor segment area in Surabaya, namely Jagalan Bridge—Bridge Ambengan to be the center of trade and service oriented sustainability
Megawati-P9	Architecture	Open Space & Water Tourism: A Proposed Design Kalimas River Area on corridor of BAT bridge—Wonokromo Bridge at Surabaya It is a cooperation project developed by Widyakartika’s Industrial Design and Built Environment Center (Pusdewika) This design intends to develop corridor segment area in Surabaya, namely BAT Bridge—Wonokromo Bridge to be the main attraction of both local and foreign communities and as a distinctive feature of the area in Surabaya City
Yiawla-P10	Interior Product Design	Implementation of Traditional Games on Interior Elements of Kindergarten Schools Design object is the product of interior elements for children which in addition serves to accommodate the learning activities as well as a means of playing while learning through the implementation of traditional games on the interior elements The project targets are Kindergarten of Kuncup Bunga Sidoarjo, Kindergarten of Cendekia 1, and Kindergarten of Santa Maria Sidoarjo

Table 2. The monitoring stage of learning for project of business incubator based on design thinking

Monitoring stage of learning
Stage of Inspiration/Programming	Stage of Ideation/Schematic	Stage of implementation
At this stage, the university monitors and evaluates project outcomes as follows: Data on exploration results (field observation, literature study, typology studies & in-depth interviews) Data Analysis (Programming) Programmatic Concept and Framework	At this stage, the university monitors and evaluates project outcomes as follows: Design Concept Sketsa Konseptual Prototype Study (User Feedback) Construction Drawing Presentation Drawing	At this stage, the university monitors and evaluates project outcomes according to the needs of the client and BI’s Holder as follows: Design Report Publication in Journal Business Model Final Prototype Video (User Feedback, Demonstrasi)

Figure 1. The process of design project conducted by Participant 2.

Figure 2. The process of design project conducted by Participant 8.

Figure 3. The process of design project conducted by Participant 10.

Table 3. The mapping themes in case study of business incubator projects based on design thinking

Major scheme	Themes (code categories)	Codes
What they actually do	1. Getting Inspired and Problems	making the work patterns in the early stages, looking for some sources of inspiration, observing, references, videos, digging deep interviews, feeling as an user, working together and receiving many suggestions from colleagues (advice of friends), create pattern of activities
	2. Defining and Customizing User Needs	combine design requirements, comfort, conformity with user requirements, cooperation, find the design needs, feeling as an user, working together and receiving many suggestions from colleagues (advice of friends), form, function, material, safety, systems
	3. Developing the Ideas and Solving the Problems	contradictory ideas, development feeling as an user, many ideas, many things unknown presentation solve the design problem
	4. Principles of Work	feel as an user; collaborate with colleagues (advice of friends); enjoy the work process; intense consultation; work and intents study
What they feel and get	5. Early Learning	new learning; create pattern of activities; different approach, faster & more efficient; inspired easily; structured thinking flow understanding the project
	6. Next Learning	confused; contradictory ideas; deep thinking; fun; knowing the next plan; Many ideas, many things unknown
What obstacles they face	7. Barriers	time management, participants’ own idealism, a less critical point of view in capturing new insights, a lack of extensive knowledge of design, less adaptability to any problems, less decision-making, lack of thinking ability more deeply to achieve a defined goal, and a pessimistic attitude or other concern External Barriers: the optimal assistance; the atmosphere of infrastructure; work facilities; the permission; the restrictions of working days and holidays

Table 4. Comparison of Working Principles of case study results and according to Montgomery (2016)

Principles of Work DT BI Design Thinking—Business Incubators (BI)	Principles of Work DT Design Thinking (Montgomery, 2016)
Feel as an user	Focus on user results
Collaborate with colleagues	Enable multidisciplinary team building
Consult with mentors from various disciplines intensively
Enjoy the work process	Idea is prototype
	Run again in the loops
Force yourself to always be passionate in study and work

Figure 4. Model Design Thinking—Business Incubators (DT-BI).

Montgomery, A. (2016, January 22). IBM launches design thinking principles “for the modern enterprise”. Design Week (Online).

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