Combating fake news, disinformation, and misinformation: Experimental evidence for media literacy education

Figures & data

Table 1. Study participants

Group	Frequency	Percent
Group One (control group)	97	51.9
Group Two (experimental group)	90	48.1
Total	187	100.0

Source: Study data

Table 2. Inter-group comparison of ability to spot fake news and disinformation

Group	Is this story/information accurate?		Total
	Yes	No
One	4546.4%	5253.6%	97100.0%
Two	2426.7%	6673.3%	90100.0%
Total	6936.9%	11863.1%	187100.0%

Source: Study data χ² = 7.80df = 1 ρ = 0.005

Table 3. Inter-group comparison of likelihood to share inaccurate information

Group	Would you share this on social media or with acquaintances?		Total
	Yes	No
One	4849.5%	4950.5%	97100.0%
Two	2325.6%	6774.4%	90100.0%
Total	7138.0%	11662.0%	187100.0%

Source: Study data χ² = 11.35df = 1ρ < 0.001

Table 4. Bivariate correlation between information accuracy and intention to share (based on group)

	Would you share this on social media or with acquaintances?	Is this story/information accurate?	Group respondent belongs to
Would you share this on social media or with acquaintances?	1
Is this story/information accurate?	.612**	1
Group respondent belongs to	−.246**	−.204**	1

Source: Study data**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).