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History

Garuda myth-based toponym as a portrait of Indonesian cultural activities in the Solon years

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Article: 2299533 | Received 11 Apr 2023, Accepted 21 Dec 2023, Published online: 23 Jan 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. The Ancient eagle stone at Kelayang Beach Belitung, Bangka Belitung.

Photo: Billitone capture.

Figure 1. The Ancient eagle stone at Kelayang Beach Belitung, Bangka Belitung.Photo: Billitone capture.

Figure 2. Sketch of Proto-Nusantara script of ancient eagle stone at Kelayang Beach Belitung.

(1) Batu Tumpang Garut site in West Java depicts an eagle’s eye with the chronogram ‘Gapura (9) Garuda (9) ing Selo (1) Tumpang (0)’ as the code for the year 9910 PS or 9832 BC marking 80 years of King Garuda’s reign (Created based on the interview with Junaedi, 2018).

Figure 2. Sketch of Proto-Nusantara script of ancient eagle stone at Kelayang Beach Belitung.(1) Batu Tumpang Garut site in West Java depicts an eagle’s eye with the chronogram ‘Gapura (9) Garuda (9) ing Selo (1) Tumpang (0)’ as the code for the year 9910 PS or 9832 BC marking 80 years of King Garuda’s reign (Created based on the interview with Junaedi, 2018).

Figure 3. Batu Tumpang site in Cikajang Garut Regency, West Java.

Photo: Yana Mulyana.

Figure 3. Batu Tumpang site in Cikajang Garut Regency, West Java.Photo: Yana Mulyana.

Figure 4. Sketch of eagle head at Batu Tumpang site scripted as ‘Sulahimana Sura’ and ‘Dawuda’ in Garut West Java. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).

Figure 4. Sketch of eagle head at Batu Tumpang site scripted as ‘Sulahimana Sura’ and ‘Dawuda’ in Garut West Java. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).

Figure 5. Flying Garuda Brahmana in Balinese Version. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 5. Flying Garuda Brahmana in Balinese Version. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 6. Masigit Mount, Padalarang Bandung, West Java. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 6. Masigit Mount, Padalarang Bandung, West Java. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 7. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ Script Portraying Eagle Head di Masigit Mount, Padalarang Bandung. Source: Sketch produced by the author.

Figure 7. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ Script Portraying Eagle Head di Masigit Mount, Padalarang Bandung. Source: Sketch produced by the author.

Figure 8. Garuda Temple in Pakuwaja Mount, Garung Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java.

Photo: Scenic Tourism.

Figure 8. Garuda Temple in Pakuwaja Mount, Garung Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java.Photo: Scenic Tourism.

Figure 9. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ script in the form of eagle head in Mount Pakuwaja in Wonosobo. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).

Figure 9. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ script in the form of eagle head in Mount Pakuwaja in Wonosobo. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).

Figure 10. Gapura Garuda ing Gunung Budheg in Tulungagung East Java. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 10. Gapura Garuda ing Gunung Budheg in Tulungagung East Java. Source: Authors’ personal collection.

Figure 11. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ in the form of eagle head in Gunung Budheg Tulungagung. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).

Figure 11. The Caligraphy of ‘Sulahimana Sura’ in the form of eagle head in Gunung Budheg Tulungagung. Source: Sketch produced by the author (Sukatman).