Intersections between informal social and economic systems in Ghana: transformations and implications for managing economic hardship

Figures & data

Figure 1. Search strategy.

Table 1. Underlying concepts of informal social and economic systems of relations.

Informal system	Underlying concepts	Type of relation/system	References
Kinship	Kinship solidarity	Social	Maclean, 2010
Relations	Reciprocity		La Ferrara, 2007
Labour pooling	Altruism	Economic	Bortei-Doku Aryeetey, 1995
	Reciprocity		Robertson, 1982
Share tenancy	Reciprocity	Economic	Amanor & Diderutuah, 2001
Child fostering	Altruism	Social	Frimpong-Manso, 2014
	Solidarity		Klomegah, 2000
	Reciprocity
Food sharing	Altruism	Social	Tufuor et al., 2015
	Solidarity
	Reciprocity
Shelter sharing	Altruism	Social	Tufuor et al., 2015
	Solidarity
	Reciprocity

Source: Authors’ construction.

Maclean, L. M. (2010). Informal institutions and citizenship in rural Africa: Risk and reciprocity in Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Cambridge University Press.

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La Ferrara, E. (2007). Descent rules and strategic transfers: Evidence from matrilineal groups in Ghana. Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, (611), 1–36.

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Bortei-Doku Aryeetey, E. (Ed.). (1995). Kinsfolk and workers: Social aspects of labour relations among Ga-Dangme coastal fisherfolk. In Dynamique et Usage des ressources en sardinelles de côtier du Ghana et de la Côte d’Ivoire (pp. 134–151).

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Robertson, A. F. (1982). Abusa: The structural history of an economic contract. The Journal of Development Studies, 18(4), 447–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388208421840

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Amanor, K., & Diderutuah, M. K. (2001). Share contracts in the oil palm and citrus belt of Ghana. Lied.

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Frimpong-Manso, K. (2014). From walls to homes: Child care reform and deinstitutionalisation in Ghana. International Journal of Social Welfare, 23(4), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12073

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Klomegah, R. (2000). Child fostering and fertility: Some evidence from Ghana. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 31(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.31.1.107

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Tufuor, T., Niehof, A., Sato, C., & van der Horst, H. (2015). Extending the moral economy beyond households: Gendered livelihood strategies of single migrant women in Accra, Ghana. Women’s Studies International Forum, 50, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.02.009

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