Unlocking the secrets of extroverted learners: a mixed-methods dive into English language learning strategies and preferences

Figures & data

Table 1. Questionnaire.

Clusters	Items
Memory Strategies	Q1. Memorizing visuals, key terms and auditory cues
	Q2. Utilizing color differentiation or highlighting for word indication
	Q3. Applying flashcards
Cognitive Strategies	Q4. Practicing, repeating and applying formulas
	Q5. Skimming and scanning
	Q6. Translating, employing general rules and applying them contextually
	Q7. Note-taking and summarizing
Compensation Strategies	Q8. Inferring lexical meanings
	Q9. Leveraging morphemes, syntax and other linguistic indicators
	Q10. Consulting scholarly resources for pertinent information
Metacognitive Strategies	Q11. Concentrating on specific tasks or activities
	Q12. Procuring knowledge through reading books
	Q13. Constructing a timetable for environmental organization
	Q14. Identifying, assessing, locating and rectifying errors
Affective Strategies	Q15. Practicing mindfulness
	Q16. Engaging with music
	Q17. Self-dialogue to enhance self-efficacy
Social Strategies	Q18. Utilizing checklists for peer assessment
	Q19. Seeking clarification
	Q20. Collaborating with peers

Table 2. Extroverts’ most frequently used language learning strategies (N = 17).

	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Cognitive strategies	3.00	4.75	3.74	.45
Compensation strategies	2.00	5.00	3.55	.67
Metacognitive strategies	2.50	5.00	3.43	.64
Affective strategies	1.00	4.33	3.27	.85
Memory strategies	2.00	4.66	3.24	.66
Social strategies	1.33	4.66	3.22	.77

Table 3. Extroverts’ most frequently used items on their language learning strategies (N17).

Items	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Q4. Practicing, repeating and applying formulas	3.00	5.00	3.82	.73
Q7. Note-taking and summarizing	3.00	5.00	3.76	.83
Q6. Translating, employing general rules and applying them contextually	3.00	5.00	3.76	.83
Q5. Skimming and scanning	2.00	5.00	3.59	1.00
Cognitive strategies	3.00	4.75	3.74	.45
Q10. Consulting scholarly resources for pertinent information	2.00	5.00	3.71	.92
Q8. Inferring lexical meanings	1.00	5.00	3.59	1.06
Q9. Leveraging morphemes, syntax and other linguistic indicators	2.00	5.00	3.35	.86
Compensation strategies	2.00	5.00	3.55	.67
Q14. Identifying, assessing, locating and rectifying errors	1.00	5.00	3.53	1.07
Q12. Procuring knowledge through reading books	2.00	5.00	3.53	.94
Q11. Concentrating on specific tasks or activities	1.00	5.00	3.35	.93
Q13. Constructing a timetable for environmental organization	1.00	5.00	3.29	.99
Metacognitive strategies	2.50	5.00	3.43	.64
Q16. Engaging with music	1.00	5.00	3.65	1.27
Q17. Self-dialogue to enhance self-efficacy	1.00	5.00	3.18	.88
Q15. Practicing mindfulness	1.00	5.00	3.00	1.12
Affective strategies	1.00	4.33	3.27	.85
Q2. Utilizing color differentiation or highlighting for word indication	2.00	5.00	3.65	.93
Q1. Memorizing visuals, key terms and auditory cues	1.00	5.00	3.47	1.07
Q3. Applying flashcards	1.00	5.00	2.59	1.28
Memory strategies	2.00	4.66	3.24	.66
Q19. Seeking clarification	1.00	5.00	3.53	1.13
Q18. Utilizing checklists for peer assessment	1.00	5.00	3.12	1.11
Q20. Collaborating with peers	1.00	5.00	3.00	1.23
Social strategies	1.33	4.66	3.22	.77