Lexical variation in the Lampung language, Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. The research observation point.

NO	Research Point	Language	Population percentage
1	Margakaya Village Pringsewu Sub-District	Lampung	35%
		Java	35%
		Java Serang (Jaseng)	30%
2	Waya Krui Village Banyumas Sub-District	Lampung	50%
		Java	50%
3	Pardasuka Village Pardasuka Sub-District	Lampung	50%
		Java, Jaseng, Sunda, Padang	50%
4	Sinar Waya Village Adiluwih Sub-District	Lampung	97%
		Java	3%
5	Suka Ratu Village Pagelaran Sub-District	Lampung	90%
		Sunda	5%
		Java	5%

Figure 1. Map of Lampung province.

Figure 2. Map of Pringsewu Regency.

Table 2. The distribution of lexical variations in the Lampung language in Pringsewu Regency.

	GLOS	Research point
		Village 1 Margakaya	Village 2 Wayakrui	Village 3 Pardasuka	Village 4 Sinarwaya	Village 5 Sukaratu
		Data	Data	Data	Data	Data
1	Ash	hamua	hambua	hambua	hambua	hambua
2	Float	təhampau	ŋəlamau	ŋambaŋ	ŋələmau	ŋəkhambaŋ
3	Cloud	gheghiyuk	aban	awan	awan	awan
4	How	gohpa	khəpa hana	gohkhəpa	khəpa hani	haga khəpa
5	Good	bətik, həlau	həlau	bətik	həlau	bətik
6	Burn	suwah	paŋgaŋ	suah	nyuwah	bakar
7	Come back	mulaŋ	mulaŋ	moloh	muloh	pulaŋ
8	Father	baɁ, buya, apaɁ	baɁ	ebaɁ	baɁ	bapak
9	Lie down	tughui	ŋanyak	dolɐkh	dulik	pədom
10	Correct	benɔgh	benɔkh	benɔkh	temɔn	benɔkh
11	Seed	bibit	bibit	mulan	mullan	bibit
12	When	kiɁ	kapan	seandaini	khəpa cakha	khəpa
13	Moon	kənawat	bulan	bulan	bulan	bulan
14	Kill	pati	mati	patikɔ	tikɔl	mati
15	Hunt	pasu, masu	tandang	ŋemasu	Masu, nembak	berburu
16	Kiss	Hunduŋ, ŋemuk	umbau, ŋumbau	əmmuk	cium	cium
17	Wash	basuh	Basuh, mipokh	məpoh	məpoh, basuhan	basuh
18	Lake	paya	danau	danau	danau	danau
19	Dust	habu	khakhəbuk	khəkhəbuk	khakhebuk	debu
20	With	jama	jama	jama	khik	khek
21	Hear	təŋis, tiyoŋ	nəŋis	dəŋis	nəŋis	dəŋis
22	Cold	ŋison	ŋɐson	ŋɐson	ŋison	ŋɐson
23	Standing	təməgi, təgi	cucok	cəcok	cəcok	cəcok
24	Push	juluŋ, sughuŋ	jujun	jujun, solokh	jujun	doroŋ
25	Two	ghuwa	khua	khua	khua	khua
26	Dig	kali, kekogh	gali	kəduk	ŋəkokh	gali
27	Teeth	ipon	ipon	ɛpon	ipon	ɛpon
28	Rub	gusuk	kikkit	asakh	gusuk	gosok
29	Hit	hantam	hantam	gasak	gasak	lawan
30	Erase	hapus	hapus	hapus	lipokh	hapus
31	Black	halam, aghoŋ, halom	halom	hakhoŋ	halam	halom
32	Count	ghikin	hituŋ	bilaŋ	tibilaŋ	hituŋ
33	Forest	pullan	pullan, khimba	khimba	Pullan, hekhah	hutan, khimba
34	He	beliau	ia, dia	iyu	ya	niku
35	Tie	ikok	ikoɁ	ɛkok	ikok	tali
36	Wife	bebai, iŋgoman	kajoŋ	kajoŋ	kajoŋ	kajoŋ
37	This	iji	hijjo	hinji	inji	hinji
38	That	udi	udo	hudi	udi	hudi
39	Sew	səghuk	nyəkhuk	səkhuk	nyəkhuk	jait
40	Walk	lapah	khaŋlaya	lapah	lapah	khaŋlaya
41	Fall	tiyan, gugogh	təhumba	gogokh	tumbak	gogokh
42	Fog	imbun	khiuɁ	imbun	khihuk	kabut
43	It	kantu	ki	kik	kantu	ki
44	Because	ulah	ŋəba	ulih	ulih	ulih
45	Fighting	laga	khigu	laga, khigu	khigu	khigu
46	Dry	ŋəluh	kəkhiŋ	kəkhiŋ	kəkhiŋ, mənyaŋu	kəkhɐŋ
47	Lice	kutu	tuma	kutu	kutu	kutu
48	Other	sumaŋ, baghih	lain	sumaŋ	bakheh	sumaŋ
49	Man	ghagah	bakas	bakas	bakas	bakas
50	Throw	sitaŋ	sitaŋ	tayakh	tayakh	tayakh
51	Spit	Ilui, lətok	əlui	lətop, luy	luy	lətop
52	Straight	lughus	khalis	khalis	mekhalis	khalis
53	Sing	səgata	səgata	ŋəlagu	bəlagu	nyanyi, pantun
54	People	jəlma	jəma	jəkhəma	jəma	jəkhma
55	Sand	pasikh, pasɐgh, nyipi	hənni	hənni	həni	həni
56	Hold	kətoŋ, pəguŋ	cəcan	pəguŋ, pəgik	cancan, təkon	pəguŋ
57	Short	buntak, ghəbah	buttaɁ	khəbah	buntak	khəbah
58	Squeeze	piyoh, həghok	kecil	pecil	kecil	pecil
59	Stomach	betoŋ	tenai	betoŋ	tenai	betoŋ
60	Think	pikɐgh	pikikh	mɐkɐkh	mikɐkh	pɐkɐkh
61	Cut	pəlok	tuttoɁ	pəlok	pəlok	pəlok
62	Noon	mawas	dəkhani	dawah	dəkhani	dawah
63	Husband	məŋiyan	khajoŋ	kajoŋ	kajoŋ	kajoŋ
64	River	way balak	way	duwai	way	uwai
65	Rope	kɛlok	tali	kəsakha	tali	tali
66	Eggs	tahlui	tahlui	tahlui	təhlui	təhlui
67	Friends	khik, kanca	khiɁ	khek	khik	khek
68	Fly	hambogh	hambokh, habaŋ	hambokh	kambokh	hambukh
69	No	mawat	mawat	Eŋgok, muat	dang	muat
70	Stab	pagas	pagas	tujah	pagas	tikam
71	Thin	nipis	nipis	pepih	tipis	tipis
72	Bone	baluŋ, kukah	tuhlan	tulaŋ	tullan	tulaŋ

Table 3. Lexical variations due to dialectal differences.

	Glos	Pubian dialect	Pesisir dialect
1	Ash	Hamua	hambua
2	Cloud	gheghiyuk	aban
3	Standing	təməgi	cucok, cəcok
4	Moon	kənawat	bulan
5	Lake	Paya	danau
6	Dust	Habu	khakhəbuk
7	Count	Ghikin	hituŋ
8	Wife	bebai, iŋgoman	Kajoŋ
9	Dry	ŋəluh	kəkhiŋ
10	Man	Ghagah	bakas
11	Straight	Lughus	khalis
12	Sand	pasikh, pasɐgh, nyipi	hənni
13	Squeeze	piyoh, həghok	kecil
14	Noon	Mawas	dəkhani, dawah
15	Husband	məŋiyan	khajoŋ
16	Rope	kɛlok	kəsakha
17	Bone	baluŋ, kukah	tuhlan, tullan