Investigating the link between land service delivery and residential development in Ghana: a case study of Ampabame within Atwima Kwanwoma District in Kumasi

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the link between land service delivery and residential development.

Source: The compilation of authors.

Figure 2. District map of Atwima Kwanwoma.

Source: Old map accessed by authors.

Table 1. Residential property developers’ challenges in the acquisition of land.

	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Weak financial strength	140	1.00	5.00	4.335	.641
Inadequate domestic capital market	140	1.00	5.00	3.678	.087
Lack of long-term financing instrument	140	1.00	5.00	4.421	.822
Inefficient and unsustainable credit delivery to the housing sector	140	1.00	5.00	4.301	.633
Politicization of housing issues in the country	140	1.00	5.00	4.435	.849
Unstable regulatory settings/political interference	140	1.00	5.00	4.092	.031
Lack of comprehensive policy, legal and instrumental frameworks	140	1.00	5.00	4.457	.499
Poor design implementation resulting from inability to assess investment proposals	140	1.00	5.00	3.807	.540
Lack of institutional capacity to undertake large and complex projects	140	1.00	5.00	4.185	.844
Ineffective coordination and supervision by government agencies	140	1.00	5.00	4.642	.480
Lack of available lands for housing developments	140	1.00	5.00	4.371	.649
Overpricing of cost of lands	140	1.00	5.00	4.292	.704
Litigation on land ownership and related issues	140	1.00	5.00	4.428	.658
Disputed titles and litigation/multiple sale	140	1.00	5.00	4.550	.499
Inadequate, or lack of, credible land data	140	1.00	5.00	4.757	.430
Rapid escalation of land prices	140	1.00	5.00	4.628	.649
Cumbersome procedures in land registration	140	1.00	5.00	4.585	.494
Poor coordination (and cooperation) among/between developers and utilities and services providers in provision of serviced land plots	140	1.00	5.00	4.835	.371
Difficulty in acquiring large tracts of land (especially, from different land-owning groups)	140	1.00	5.00	4.628	.484

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Figure 3. Initial capital requirement.

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Table 2. Other stimulants of land service delivery for high (or low) land value.

Response	Frequency	Percentage
Do you have records of land transactions?
Yes	67	47.9
No	73	52.1
Total	140	100
Do you consider land use before selling land?
Yes	84	60
No	56	40
Total	140	100
Does the demand for land, and/or its rate of increase, have any influence on the supply of land and/or its rate of increase?
Yes	109	77.9
No	31	22.1
Total	140	100

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Figure 4. Prioritized and considered factors in (ultimately) selling land for housing development.

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Figure 5. Use of purchased land.

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Figure 6. Related ways of high land values affecting individuals.

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Table 3. Demographic data of respondents (land sector agencies).

Respondent	Age (years)	Sex	Marital status	Children	Period of work (years)	Employment status	Native
Respondent 1	36	M	Married	4	10	Permanent	No
Respondent 2	28	M	Single	0	3	Permanent	No
Respondent 3	43	M	Married	3	5	Permanent	Yes
Respondent 4	29	F	Single	1	5	Permanent	No
Respondent 5	33	M	Married	3	6	Permanent	No
Respondent 6	40	F	Married	2	7	Permanent	Yes
Respondent 7	47	F	Married	5	9	Permanent	No
Respondent 8	39	M	Married	3	6	Permanent	No
Respondent 9	43	M	Married	2	15	Permanent	No
Respondent 10	34	F	Married	4	9	Permanent	No

Source: Survey Data, 2023.

Table

No	Statement	1	2	3	4	5
1	Weak financial strength
2	Inadequate domestic capital market
3	Lack of long-term financing instrument
4	Inefficient and unsustainable credit delivery to the housing sector
5	Politicization of housing issues in the country
6	Unstable regulatory settings/political interference
7	Lack of comprehensive policy, legal and instrumental frameworks
8	Poor design implementation resulting from inability to assess investment proposals
9	Lack of institutional capacity to undertake large and complex projects
10	Ineffective coordination and supervision by government agencies
11	Lack of available lands for housing developments
12	Overpricing of cost of lands
13	Litigation on land ownership and related issues
14	Disputed titles and litigation/multiple sale
15	Inadequate, or lack of, credible land data
16	Rapid escalation of land prices
17	Cumbersome procedures in land registration
18	Poor coordination (and cooperation) among/between developers and utilities and services providers in provision of serviced land plots
19	Difficulty in acquiring large tracts of land (especially, from different land-owning groups)

Data availability statement

Data generated in support of the study results is referenced in the paper but will be made available when requested by relevant institution(s).