Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced toxicity in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Rat liver sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin (200× magnification) (a) control; (b) rats exposed to NDEA (0.1 mg/ml) for 21 days, and (c) rats exposed to 0.1 mg/ml of NDEA along with 15 mg/ml of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: SN: swollen nucleus, SD: sinusoidal dilation.

Figure 2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity measured after 21 days of treatment of N-nitrosodiethylamine separately and along with different doses of epigallocatechin gallate in rats.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 3. Alanine transaminase (ALT) activity measured after 21 days of treatment of N-nitrosodiethylamine separately and along with different doses of epigallocatechin gallate in rats.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 4. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measured after 21 days of treatment of N-nitrosodiethylamine separately and along with different doses of epigallocatechin gallate in rats.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 5. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity measured after 21 days of treatment of N-nitrosodiethylamine separately and along with different doses of epigallocatechin gallate in rats.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE:standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 6. Lipid peroxidation measured in rat liver after 21 days of treatment with NDEA alone and together with different amounts of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 7. Protein carbonyl content measured in rat liver after 21 days of treatment with NDEA alone and together with different amounts of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EGCG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EGCG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EGCG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 8. (a) Hepatocytes with control, (b) treated with NDEA (0.1 m/ml), and (c) Micronucleus formation in hepatocytes after 21 days of treatment of rats with NDEA alone and together with different amounts of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 9. (a) Control, (b) treated with NDEA (0.1 mg/ml), and (c) Rats exposed to 0.1 mg/ml of NDEA along with 15 mg/ml of epigallocatechin gallate (d) Comet tail length in rat hepatocytes after 21 days of treatment of rats with NDEA alone and together with different amounts of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).

Figure 10. (a) Control, (b) treated with NDEA (0.1 mg/ml), and (c) Rats exposed to 0.1 mg/ml of NDEA along with 15 mg/ml of epigallocatechin gallate (d) Comet tail length in rat blood lymphocytes after 21 days of treatment of rats with NDEA alone, or together with different amounts of epigallocatechin gallate.

Notes: NDEA: N-nitrosodiethylamine; EG1: Epigallocatechin gallate (5 mg/ml); EG2: Epigallocatechin gallate (10 mg/ml); EG3: Epigallocatechin gallate (15 mg/ml); Negative control: Dimethyl sulphoxide (3 μl/ml); SE: standard error; ^asignificant with respect to untreated (p < 0.01); ^bsignificant with respect to NDEA treatment (p < 0.05).