Syzygium aromaticum (L.) elicits lifespan extension and attenuates age-related Aβ-induced proteotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of CO on lifespan in wild type and mutant strain of C. elegans at 20°C. (a) The maximum extension of 21.4% (p < 0.0001) in lifespan was recorded in 10 ppm CO followed by 14.35% (p < 0.0001) in 100 ppm and 6.99% (p < 0.0001) in 1 ppm; (b) the percentage mean survival in 10 ppm CO-treated mev-1 (kn1) mutants is enhanced by 30.94% (p < 0.0001) in comparison to control. The data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meir survival analysis in Medcalc 12.7.7.0 software. Effect of CO on stress level; (c) CO (10 ppm) treatment significantly reduced the juglone sensitivity in pre-treated worms compared to untreated control worms mediating improved survival under oxidative stress conditions; (d) CO (10 ppm) treatment significantly enhanced mean lifespan of worms in comparison to control under thermal stress conditions. The data are statistically analyzed using ANOVA in ASSISTAT 7.7 beta statistical assistance software. Differences between the data were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Notes: Error bars represent means ± S.E.M, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05.

Table 1. Lifespan analysis of wild-type N2 and mev-1 mutant at 20°C

Genotypes	Treatments	Mean lifespan	±SD	±SE	Sample size (N)	% change	p-value
N2 wild type	Control	16.86	4.73	0.386	150
N2 wild type	CO 1 (ppm)	18.04	5.21	0.406	165	6.99	<0.0001
N2 wild type	CO 10 (ppm)	20.51	6.43	0.480	178	21.64	<0.0001
N2 wild type	CO 100 (ppm)	19.11	6.24	0.45	185	13.34	<0.0001
mev-1 (kn1)	Control	13.28	4.52	0.348	169
mev-1 (kn1)	CO 10 (ppm)	17.39	4.85	0.391	152	30.94	<0.0001

Figure 2. CO treatment-attenuated Aβ-induced paralysis in C. elegans CL4176 and intracellular ROS mediated oxidative stress due to Aβ proteotoxicity in CL2006 transgenic strains. (a) CO (10 ppm) treatment was able to rescue worms from Aβ-induced paralysis thereby enhancing mean lifespan in worms in comparison to control; (b) CO (10 ppm) treatment reduced Aβ proteotoxicity in CL2006 transgenic worms by reducing intracellular ROS mediated oxidative stress. The data are statistically analyzed using ANOVA in ASSISTAT 7.7 beta statistical assistance software. Differences between the data were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Notes: Error bars represent means ± S.E.M, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01.

Figure 3. Effect of CO on stress response gene sod-3. (a) Control sod-3::gfp transgenic strain of C. elegans (n = 89); (b) 10 ppm CO-treated sod-3::gfp transgenic strain; (c) Quantification of SOD-3::GFP expression; (d) Control gst-4::gfp; (e) 10 ppm CO-treated gst-4::gfp transgenic strain of C. elegans ; (f) Quantification of GST-4::GFP expression. Scale bar = 200 μm. Scale bar = 200 μm. The data are statistically analyzed using ANOVA in ASSISTAT 7.7 beta statistical assistance software. Differences between the data were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Notes: Error bars represent means ± S.E.M. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.001.