Antibacterial and toxicity studies of the ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca leaf

Figures & data

Table 1. Result of the phytochemical screening of the ethanol leaf extract of Musa paradisiaca

Chemical constituents	Indications
Alkaloids	+
Saponins	+
Tanins	+
Cardiac glycosides	+
Deoxy sugar	+
Flavonoids	+
Carbohydrates	+
Anthraquinones	−
Terpenes	+

Key: + present; − absent.

Table 2a. Growth inhibition zones of different concentrations of the crude ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf

Conc. (mg/ml)	Zones of inhibition (mm)
	S. aureus	B. subtilis	P. aeruginosa	V. cholerae	S. dysenteriae
200	22	16	12	21	18
100	18	14	10	16	15
50	13	12	8	15	13
25	10	10	6	13	12
Control	26	30	–	20	22

Notes: 12.5 mg/ml of cefuroxime was used as control; Zones of inhibition are means of double determination.

Table 2b. Growth inhibition zones of different concentrations of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf

Conc (mg/ml)	Zones of inhibition (mm)
	S. aureus	B. subtilis	P. aeruginosa	V. cholerae	S. dysenteriae
200	25	18	14	22	20
100	20	16	12	18	16
50	14	12	8	14	14
25	10	9	6	10	12
12.5	–	–	–	–	10
Control	26	30	–	20	22

Notes: 12.5 mg/ml of cefuroxime was used as control; Zones of inhibition are means of double determination.

Table 3. MIC of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf

Isolates	Concentration of extract (mg/ml)
S. aureus	3.125
B. subtilis	12.5
P. aeruginosa	25
V. cholera	12.5
S. dysenteriae	3.125

Table 4. Acute toxicity test of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf

Phases	No. of mice	Weight of mice (g)	Dose (mg/kg)	Mortality	LD50 (mg/kg)
1	3	20	10	0	√D0×D100
		19
		23
	3	19	100	0	=489.9 (mg/kg)
		23
		19
	3	20	1,000	3
		21
		23
2	1	22	200	0
	1	20	400	0
	1	21	600	1
	1	23	800	1

Notes: D₀ = highest dose that gave no mortality, 400 mg/kg body weight; D₁₀₀ = lowest dose that produced mortality, 600 mg/kg body weight.

Table 5. Results of the time–kill test of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf against S. aureus, V. cholerae and S. dysenteriae

Time (min)	S. aureus		V. cholerae		S. dysenteriae
	cfu/ml	log10 cfu/ml	cfu/ml	log10 cfu/ml	cfu/ml	log10 cfu/ml
0	4.1 × 10^8	8.613	3.766 × 10^9	9.576	1.3 × 10^9	9.114
30	2.3 × 10^7	8.362	2.475 × 10^9	9.394	5.75 × 10^8	8.760
60	5.0 × 10^7	7.699	4.75 × 10^8	8.677	1.25 × 10^8	8.097
90	2.5 × 10^7	7.398	2.0 × 10^8	8.301	7.5 × 10^7	7.875
120	1.5 × 10^7	7.176	7.5 × 10^7	7.875	2.5 × 10^7	7.398
150	5.0 × 10^6	6.699	7.5 × 10^7	7.875	–	–

Notes: Colony forming units are means of double determination.

Figure 1. The time–kill test of the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca leaf against S. aureus, V. cholerae and S. dysenteriae.