Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extract and fractions of Rhipsalis neves-armondii (Cactaceae) aerial parts

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytochemical constituents of extract and fractions

Constituent	RNE	HF	EF
Alkaloids	+	−	+
Carbohydrates	+	+	−
Flavonoids	+	+	+
Fats and oil	−	−	−
Glycosides	−	−	−
Reducing sugar	+	+	−
Resins	+	+	+
Saponins	−	−	−
Steroids	+	+	+
Tannins	−	−	−
Terpenoids	+	+	+

Notes: + = present; − = absent; HF = n-hexane fraction; EF = Ethyl acetate fraction; RNE = Rhipsalis neves-armondii extract.

Table 2. Effect of extract and fractions on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Edema (ml)						AUC (ml/h)
		0.5 h	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
Control	–	0.54 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.03	0.78 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.03	0.85 ± 0.04	0.83 ± 0.03	3.80
RNE	100	0.66 ± 0.04	0.62 ± 0.0	0.57 ± 0.04^*	0.63 ± 0.06^*	0.61 ± 0.04^*	0.62 ± 0.08^*	3.07
		(−22.22)	3 (−6.90)	(26.92)	(30.00)	(28.24)	(25.30)
	200	0.81 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.02^*	0.65 ± 0.03^*	0.58 ± 0.03^*	0.58 ± 0.04^*	3.30
		(−50.00)	(−18.97)	(23.08)	(27.78)	(31.76)	(30.12)
	400	0.72 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.03	0.58 ± 0.02^*	0.54 ± 0.02^*	0.57 ± 0.05^*	0.63 ± 0.10^*	2.94
		(−33.33)	(−3.45)	(25.64)	(40.00)	(44.19)	(24.10)
HF	100	0.75 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.02	0.72 ± 0.0	0.81 ± 0.03	0.85 ± 0.05	0.89 ± 0.06	3.89
		(−38.89)	(−18.97)	3 (7.69)	(10.00)	(0.00)	(−7.23)
	200	0.76 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.04	0.68 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.13	0.87 ± 0.09	3.78
		(−40.74)	(−24.14)	(12.82)	(18.89)	(2.35)	(−4.82)
	400	0.74 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.03^*	0.63 ± 0.02^*	0.65 ± 0.02^*	0.72 ± 0.04	3.32
		(−37.04)	(−17.24)	(19.23)	(30.00)	(23.53)	(13.25)
EF	100	0.62 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.04^*	0.50 ± 0.03^*	0.55 ± 0.00^*	0.64 ± 0.06^*	0.72 ± 0.07	2.88
		(−14.81)	(10.34)	(35.90)	(38.89)	(24.71)	(13.25)
	200	0.74 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.04^*	0.57 ± 0.04^*	0.53 ± 0.02^*	0.57 ± 0.07^*	0.63 ± 0.05^*	2.99
		(−37.04)	(−32.61)	(26.92)	(41.11)	(32.94)	(24.10)
	400	0.60 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.00^*	0.45 ± 0.02^*	0.42 ± 0.02^*	0.43 ± 0.02^*	0.50 ± 0.03^*	2.28
		(−11.11)	(25.86)	(42.30)	(53.33)	(49.41)	(39.76)
INDO	10	0.58 ± 0.02	0.60 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.02^*	0.57 ± 0.04^*	0.55 ± 0.02^*	0.56 ± 0.03^*	2.92
		(−7.40)	(−3.45)	(19.23)	(36.67)	(35.29)	(32.53)

Notes: Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6.

^* p < 0.05 compared to control (One Way ANOVA; Dunnet post hoc test); INDO = Indomethacin; HF = n-hexane fraction; EF = Ethyl acetate fraction; RNE = Rhipsalis neves-armondii extract. Values in parenthesis represent percentage inhibition (PI) of edema compared to control.

Table 3. Effect of extract and fractions on cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rat

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Granuloma tissue weight (g)	Inhibition %
Control	−	0.64 ± 0.17	−
RNE	200	0.62 ± 0.14	3.1
	400	0.53 ± 0.21	18.0
HF	200	0.58 ± 0.12	9.4
	400	0.26 ± 0.12^*	59.4
EF	200	0.54 ± 0.09	15.6
	400	0.54 ± 0.09	18.8
INDO	10	0.26 ± 0.68^*	59.4

Notes: Values of edema shown as Mean ± SEM; n = 6;

^* p < 0.05, compared to control (One Way ANOVA; Dunnet post hoc test); INDO = Indomethacin; HF = n-hexane fraction; EF = Ethyl acetate fraction; RNE = Rhipsalis neves-armondii extract.

Figure 1. Cytotoxic effect of RNE on cancer cell lines.

Figure 2. Graph of percentage viability of RNE against tested cancer cell lines.