Hepatoprotective activity of Ganoderma lucidium (Curtis) P. Karst against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury in mice

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental treatment design

Treatment	Groups	Dosages (mg/kg body weight)	N	MDA and GSH (nM/g protein)
Cyclophosphamide-untreated mice CP (−)	Normal control	–	10	–
	Total extract	330	10	–
		230	10	–
		120	10	–
	Silymarin	100	10	–
Cyclophosphamide-treated mice CP (+)	Negative control	–	10	–
	Total extract	330	10	–
		230	10	–
		120	10	–
	Silymarin (positive control)	100	10	–

Table 2. The effect of G. lucidium total extract on MDA content in cyclophosphamide-untreated and -treated mice

Treatment	Groups	Dosages (mg/kg body weight)	N	MDA (nM/g protein)
Cyclophosphamide-untreated mice CP (−)	Normal control	–	10	58.82 ± 4.06
		330	10	46.00 ± 3.51^#
	Total extract	230	10	46.82 ± 3.28^#
		120	10	54.23 ± 4.24
	Silymarin	100	10	50.89 ± 4.37
Cyclophosphamide-treated mice CP (+)	Negative control	–	10	110.91 ± 4.46^##
		330	10	61.17 ± 7.71*
	Total extract	230	10	59.46 ± 5.22*
		120	10	61.52 ± 5.31*
	Silymarin (positive control)	100	10	63.54 ± 5.09*

* p < 0.05 as compared to cyclophosphamide-treated negative control.

^# p < 0.05 with respect to cyclophosphamide-untreated normal control.

^## p < 0.05 with respect to cyclophosphamide-untreated normal control.

Table 3. The effect of treatment with the G.lucidium total extract on GSH content in cyclophosphamide-treated and normal mice for 8 days

Treatment	Groups	Dosages (mg/kg body weight)	N	GSH (nM/g protein)
Cyclophosphamide-untreated mice CP (−)	Normal control	–	10	6,661.23 ± 390.33
	Total extract	330	10	7,192.96 ± 269.33
		230	10	7,316.76 ± 457.59
		120	10	7,427.36 ± 545.14
	Silymarin	100	10	7,311.02 ± 550.05
Cyclophosphamide-treated mice CP (+)	Negative control	–	10	4,279.55 ± 278.03^#
	Total extract	330	10	5,803.09 ± 416.35*
		230	10	7,063.59 ± 402.09*
		120	10	6,114.42 ± 443.58*
	Silymarin (positive control)	100	10	5,935.06 ± 354.05*

^* p < 0.05 with respect to cyclophosphamide-treated negative control.

^# p < 0.05 with respect to the cyclophosphamide-untreated normal control.

Figure 1. Normal group, section of mouse liver showing no lobular inflammation, none of necrosis and fibrosis. No abnormality of central vein and hepatocytes.

Figure 2a. Cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg)-treated group, a section of mouse liver showing portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrations (Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section; H&E 200).

Figure 2b. Cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg)-treated group, a section of mouse liver showing portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrations (Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section; H&E 400).

Figure 3a. Section of mouse liver treated with 120 mg/kg of G. lucidium total extract showing a mild active hepatitis with no inflammatory at central vein and slight portal inflammation. (Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section; H&E 200).

Figure 3b. Section of mouse liver treated with 120 mg/kg of G. lucidium total extract showing a mild active hepatitis with no inflammatory at central vein and slight portal inflammation. (Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section; H&E 400).

Figure 4. Section of mouse liver with silymarin treated group (100 mg/kg) showing a mild active hepatitis with small portal inflammation, slight lymphocytic infiltration, and no inflammatory of central vein. (Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section; H&E 400).