Onosma bracteatum Wall and Commiphora stocksiana Engl extracts generate oxidative stress in Brassica napus: An allelopathic perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytotoxic effect of crude extracts of O. bracteatum Wall and C. stocksiana Engl with germination associated parameters

Extract	Conc. (ppm)	Allelopathy	FG (%)	RG	MPFG	PI (%)	GI
C. stocksiana
Bark	10,000	Partial	65.4 ± 1	2.4 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	34.6 ± 1	0.5 ± 0.1
	1,000	Nil	91.3 ± 1.5	3.2 ± 0.1	1.15 ± 0.2	8.7 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.2
	100	Nil	95.5 ± 1.3	4.2 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2	4.5 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.2
O. bracteatum
Leaf	10,000	Complete	11.1 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.2	1.35 ± 0.2	88.9 ± 1	0.1 ± 0
	1,000	Partial	90.9 ± 0.9	4 ± 0.3	1.15 ± 0.2	9.1 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.1
	100	Nil	91.3 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.3	8.7 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.3
Flower	10,000	Partial	50.0 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.3	50.0 ± 1	0.5 ± 0.1
	1,000	Nil	76.0 ± 0.8	3.8 ± 0.3	1.35 ± 0.2	24.0 ± 1	0.8 ± 0.1
	100	Nil	81.5 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.3	1.25 ± 0.1	18.5 ± 0.5	0.8 ± 0.2
Standard
2,4-D	10,000	Complete	6.3 ± 0.3	0.2 ± 0.1	1 ± 0.2	100.0	0.1 ± 0
	1,000	Partial	50.0 ± 1	2 ± 0.3	0.95 ± 0.1	93.8 ± 1	0.5 ± 0.1
	100	Nil	78.9 ± 0.8	3 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.1	21.1 ± 0.5	0.8 ± 0.2
dH2O		Nil	100.0	5.2 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.2	0.0 ± 0	1.0 ± 0.1

Notes: FG: final germination (%), RG: rate of germination, MPFG: mean period of final germination, PI: percent inhibition (%), GI: germination index, F.W: fresh weight, D.W: dry weight, %Wt. L: percentage seedling weight loss, and RDW %: relative dry weight percent.

Table 2. Phytotoxic effect of crude extracts of O. bracteatum Wall and C. stocksiana Engl with weight associated parameters

Extract	Conc. (ppm)	Allelopathy	F.W (mg)	%Wt. L	D.W (mg)	RDW (%)
C. stocksiana
Bark	10,000	Partial	73.8 ± 1^i	75.0 ± 1	15.4 ± 0.7^ef	51.3 ± 1
	1,000	Nil	227.9 ± 1.5^c	22.8 ± 0.5	16.7 ± 0.8^e	55.7 ± 1
	100	Nil	233.3 ± 1^d	20.1 ± 0.8	19.5 ± 0.5^cd	65.0 ± 1.5
O. bracteatum
Leaf	10,000	Complete	67.9 ± 1^j	77.0 ± 1	16.9 ± 0.5^e	56.3 ± 1
	1,000	Partial	139.4 ± 1.5^g	52.8 ± 0.5	21.0 ± 1^c	70.0 ± 1
	100	Nil	152.0 ± 1^f	48.5 ± 1	21.2 ± 1^c	70.7 ± 1
Flower	10,000	Partial	7.4 ± 0.4^i	97.5 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.5^h	10.7 ± 1
	1,000	Nil	204.0 ± 1^e	30.9 ± 1	18.5 ± 1^d	61.7 ± 1
	100	Nil	273.6 ± 1^b	7.3 ± 0.6	27.2 ± 1^b	90.7 ± 1
Standard
2,4-D	10,000	Complete	0.0 ± 0	100.0	0.0 ± 0	0.0 ± 0
	1,000	Partial	47.9 ± 1^k	83.8 ± 0.6	9.2 ± 1^g	30.7 ± 1.5
	100	Nil	82.1 ± 1^h	72.2 ± 0.5	12.5 ± 0.5^f	41.7 ± 1
dH2O		Nil	295.2 ± 1^a	0.0 ± 0	30.0 ± 1^a	100.0

Notes: F.W: fresh weight, D.W: dry weight, %Wt. L: percentage seedling weight loss, and RDW %: relative dry weight percent.

Mean values (±standard errors) followed by the same letter in the column are not significantly different after LSD test (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity (% inhibition), total antioxidant capacity (TAC μg AAE/mg D.W), and reducing power (TRP μg AAE/mg D.W) of allelopathic plantlets exposed to C. stocksiana Engl bark at varying concentration along with 2,4-D and dH₂O.

Note: Mean values (±standard errors) followed by the same letter are not significantly different after LSD test (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity (% inhibition), total antioxidant capacity (TAC μg AAE/mg D.W), and reducing power (TRP μg AAE/mg D.W) of allelopathic plantlets exposed to O. bracteatum Wall leaves and flowers at varying concentration along with 2,4-D and dH₂O.

Note: Mean values (±standard errors) followed by the same letter are not significantly different after LSD test (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3. Total phenolic content (TPC μg GAE/mg D.W) and total flavonoid content (TFC μg QE/mg D.W) of allelopathic plantlets exposed to C. stocksiana Engl bark extract at varying concentration along with 2,4-D and dH₂O.

Note: Mean values (±standard errors) followed by the same letter are not significantly different after LSD test (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 4. Total phenolic content (TPC μg GAE/mg D.W) and total flavonoid content (TFC μg QE/mg D.W) of allelopathic plantlets exposed to O. bracteatum Wall leaves and flowers extracts at varying concentration along with 2,4-D and dH₂O.

Note: Mean values (±standard errors) followed by the same letter are not significantly different after LSD test (p ≤ 0.05).