Vicia ervilia L. seeds newly explored biological activities

Figures & data

Table 1. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of V. ervilia seeds

		Control	Indomethacin	SEE
			Dose (mg/kg)
			10	250	500
Edema volume^a	1 h	100.33 ± 7.5	59.71 ± 2.7*	60.32 ± 3.3*	55.53 ± 4*
	2 h	142.88 ± 7.7	67.22 ± 3.1*	75.52 ± 3*	65.69 ± 4.1*
	3 h	156.52 ± 9.5	40.46 ± 4.6*	68.80 ± 5.2*,**	54.16 ± 4.2*
	4 h	160.29 ± 10.8	24.50 ± 4.7*	50.70 ± 4.7*,**	46.53 ± 3.1*
Reaction time (min)	B.l.	6.84 ± 0.19	6.78 ± 0.23	6.02 ± 0.17	5.88 ± 0.13
	30	6.52 ± 0.18	7.94 ± 0.22*	7.02 ± 0.16	6.82 ± 0.16
	60	6.44 ± .09	9.46 ± 0.22*	8.48 ± 0.29*	7.92 ± 0.16*
	90	6.16 ± 0.07	11.22 ± 0.26*	9.62 ± 0.3*	9 ± 0.19*

Notes: Data represent the mean value ± S.E. of six rat per group and the percent changes vs. basal (zero min) values and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h post-carrageenan injection. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA Followed by LSD and Tukey for multiple comparisons.

Values represent the mean ± S.E. of six animals for each group (n = 6). B.l., base line, SEE: seed ethanol (70%) extract.

^a % change from baseline.

^* Significantly different from control group at p < 0.05.

^** Significantly different from indomethacin group at p < 0.05.

Table 2. Effect of V. ervilia seeds on the gastric ulcer number and severity

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcer number		Ulcer severity
		Mean ± SE	%Reduction	Mean ± SE	%Reduction
Control		0	–	0	–
Ethanol 99.5%		13.4 ± 1.07	–	39.6 ± 2.97	–
SEE	250	2.6 ± 0.50*	80.6	7 ± 0.70*,**	82.32
	500	3.8 ± 0.22*	71.64	6.8 ± 0.31*,**	82.83
Ranitidine	50	2.4 ± 0.24*	82.09	3.8 ± 0.37*	90.4

Notes: Statistical analysis was done using K independent test followed by Kruskal-wallis for nonparametric test. SEE: seed ethanol (70%) extract.

Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6).

^* Significantly different from ethanol treated group at p < 0.05.

^** Significantly different from standard ranitidine group at p < 0.05.

Table 3. Antihyperglycemic activity of V. ervilia seeds

Groups	Dose mg/kg	mg/dl
		Glucose	Triglyceride	Cholesterol
Normal		81.26 ± 1.74	34.15 ± 1.97	31.26 ± 1.32
Hyperglycemic		361.11 ± 7.47*	220.31 ± 5.23*	228.50 ± 10.11*
Gliclazid	5	103.63 ± 1.33**	55.69 ± 2.77**	49.23 ± 2.63**
SEE	250	111.58 ± 8.43**	70.15 ± 5.36*,**	115.63 ± 6.09*,**,***
	500	75.63 ± 6.3**	57.54 ± 4.93*,**	77.57 ± 4.41*,**,***

Notes: Statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey for multiple comparisons. SEE: seed ethanol (70%) extract.

Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6).

^* Significantly different from control group at p < 0.05.

^** Significantly different from hyperglycemic group at p < 0.05.

^*** Significantly different from standard gliclazid group at p < 0.05.

Table 4. Antiviral activity of V. ervilia seeds

Test sample	Selected dose (mg/ml) [MNTC]	Viability (%)^a	Cytotoxicity (%)	Antiviral effect (%)
Control (VERO cell line)		100	0	0
Virus control		31	69
SEE	0.1	57	43	26

Notes: MNTC: maximum non-toxic concentration; SEE: seed ethanol (70%) extract.

^a Average of three determinations.