Non-clinical toxicity study of the oil-resin and vaginal cream of Copaiba (Copaifera duckei, Dwyer)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of Administration (vo) C. duckei oil-resin (ORC, 32 mg/kg) and distilled water (control) on ponderal development of Wistar rats (males and females). Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group).

Figure 2. Effect of administration (vo) C. duckei oil-resin (ORC, 32 mg/kg) and distilled water (control) on the daily consumption of water Wistar rats (males and females).

Figure 3. Effect of administration (vo) C. duckei oil resin (ORC, 32 mg/kg) and distilled water (control) on the dietary intake of Wistar rats feed (males and females). Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group).

Figure 4. Effect of administration (ivag) of vaginal cream C. duckei oil-resin (CVC, 28 mg/kg), oil-resin C. duckei (ORC, 0.04 mg/kg) and based vaginal cream (BVC) on the Wista rats weight development. The points represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group).

Figure 5. Effect of administration (ivag) of vaginal cream C. duckei oil-resin (CVC, 28 mg/kg), C. dukei oil-resin (ORCV, 0.04 mg/kg) and based vaginal cream (control BVC) on daily Wistar rats’ water consumption. The bars represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group).

Figure 6. Effect of administration (ivag) of vaginal cream C. duckei oil-resin (CVC, 28 mg/kg) of C. dukei oil-resin (ORCV 0.04 mg/kg) and based vaginal cream (control BVC) on daily Wistar rats feed consumption. The bars represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group).

Notes: *p < 0.05 compared to control group BVC, **p < 0.05 ORCV group compared to the CVC group.

Table 1. Effect of subchronic administration (p.o) of C. duckei oil-resin (ORC, 32 mg/kg) and distilled water (control) on Wistar rats’ biochemical parameters (males and females)

	Female		Male
	Control	ORC 32 mg/kg	Control	ORC 32 mg/kg
AST (U/L)	241.6 ± 50.0	304.0 ± 9.2	193.2 ± 27.6	198.4 ± 29.3
ALT (U/L)	83.6 ± 22.1	95.0 ± 21.7	53.0 ± 4.8	50.6 ± 6.0
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	66.5 ± 1.8	76.8 ± 2.2*	61.6 ± 3.3	67.8 ± 8.0
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)	27.9 ± 1.0	37.1 ± 1.5*	31.6 ± 1.2	30.0 ± 2.0
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	82.0 ± 4.5	75.0 ± 7.2	55.5 ± 2.3	56.9 ± 12.4
Alkaline Phosphatase (U/L)	23.6 ± 2.4	112.6 ± 16.6*	90.8 ± 8.9	114.4 ± 9.4
Albumin (g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.0	3.6 ± 0.0	3.7 ± 0.0	3.7 ± 0.0
Glucose (mg/dL)	111.7 ± 20.9	52.7 ± 10.0*	154.5 ± 6.7	83.3 ± 4.2*
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.5 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.3*	0.4 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0*

Notes: The average values ± SEM (n = 5/group). AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase.

* p < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney test).

Table 2. Effect of subchronic administration (ivag) of vaginal cream C. duckei oil-resin (CVC, 28 mg/kg), C. dukei oil-resin (ORC, 0.04 mg/kg) and based vaginal cream (BVC, control) on biochemical parameters in Wistar rats

	Female
	Control BVC	CVC 28 mg/kg	ORC 0.04 mg/kg
AST (U/L)	435.6 ± 83.8	325.0 ± 13.9**	505.4 ± 56.1
ALT (U/L)	106.2 ± 25.5	63.6 ± 11.3**	134.6 ± 26.8*
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	77.4 ± 3.9	82.0 ± 5.5	79.9 ± 3.8
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	35.6 ± 2.2	34.0 ± 1.4	33.5 ± 2.0
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	79.6 ± 3.1	67.6 ± 7.8	78.3 ± 1.8
Alkaline Phosphatase (U/L)	36.2 ± 6.6	28.8 ± 4.8	28.2 ± 5.0
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.1	3.7 ± 0.0	3.7 ± 0.0
Glucose (mg/dL)	95.6 ± 9.5	133.9 ± 17.1**	110.3 ± 6.8*
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0

Notes: The values represent mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase.

* p < 0.05 compared to control group BVC.

** p < 0.05 ORC group compared to the CVC group (ANOVA followed by Tukey test).

Table 3. Effect of subchronic administration (p.o) of C. duckei oil-resin (ORC, 32 mg/kg) and distillated water on hematological parameters in Wistar rats

	Female		Male
	Control	ORC 32 mg/kg	Control	ORC 32 mg/kg
Hm (×10^6/mm^3)	7.9 ± 0.1	7.9 ± 0.1	9.2 ± 0.0	8.9 ± 0.2
Hb (g/dL)	14.8 ± 0.1	14.7 ± 0.2	15.7 ± 0.1	15.7 ± 0.1
Ht (%)	41.3 ± 0.4	40.4 ± 0.6	48.0 ± 0.3	46.7 ± 1.1
VCM (fl)	52.2 ± 0.6	51.2 ± 0.4	52.0 ± 0.3	52.6 ± 0.5
HCM (pg)	18.6 ± 0.1	18.5 ± 0.2	17.0 ± 0.1	17.6 ± 0.4
CHCM (g/dL)	35.7 ± 0.3	36.3 ± 0.3	32.7 ± 0.1	32.9 ± 0.4
Leukocytes (×10^3/mm^3)	3.7 ± 0.6	6.1 ± 1.9	3.6 ± 0.6	4.0 ± 0.6
Lymphocyte (%)	56.2 ± 3.8	66.6 ± 3.5	63.8 ± 2.1	68.4 ± 2.8
Monocyte (%)	2.4 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.6
Neutrophil (%)	40.0 ± 3.5	28.4 ± 2.7	32.6 ± 2.2	27.8 ± 2.7
Eosinophil (%)	1.4 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 0.9	2.0 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.8
Platelets (×10^3/mm^3)	1,069.0 ± 35.5	1,400.3 ± 130.7	1,026.3 ± 159.0	1,059.6 ± 62.4

Notes: Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). Hm: Red blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; Ht: hematocrit, MCV: Volu me Corpuscular East, HCM: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, MCHC: Concentration Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin.

Table 4. Effect of subchronic administration (ivag) of vaginal cream C. duckei oil-resin (CVC, 28 mg/kg), C. dukei oil-resin (ORCV, 0.04 mg/kg) and base vaginal cream (BVC, control) on hematologic parameters of Wistar rats

	Control BVC	CVC 28 mg/kg	ORCV 0.04 mg/kg
Hm (×10^6/mm^3)	7.9 ± 0.2	7.4 ± 0.1	8.1 ± 0.0**
Hb (g/dL)	15.4 ± 0.2	14.6 ± 0.1*	14.8 ± 0.0
Ht (%)	41.5 ± 1.3	38.8 ± 0.7*	42.2 ± ± 0.4
VCM (fl)	52.4 ± 0.5	52.2 ± 0.3	51.2 ± 0.2
HCM (pg)	19.4 ± 0.5	19.7 ± 0.3	18.9 ± 0.3**
CHCM (g/dL)	37.1 ± 0.7	37.7 ± 0.5	35.2 ± 0.5
Leukocytes (×10^3/mm^3)	6.1 ± 2.8	3.3 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.1
Lymphocyte (%)	64.8 ± 5.1	45.4 ± 5.9*	58.8 ± 3.0
Monocyte (%)	7.0 ± 3.6	12.4 ± 4.5	2.2 ± 0.8
Neutrophil (%)	22.2 ± 2.5	32.6 ± 4.2	31.6 ± 3.4
Eosinophil (%)	6.0 ± 1.7	9.6 ± 4.5	7.4 ± 2.2
Platelets (×10^3/mm^3)	1,078.6 ± 140.4	1,256.4 ± 64.8	1,005.2 ± 71.2

Notes: Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). Hm: Red blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; Ht: Hematócri-to, MCV: mean cell volume, MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC: Concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin Ages.

* p < 0.05 compared to control group BVC.

** p < 0.05 ORCV group compared to the CVC group (ANOVA followed by Tukey test).