Structural controls on groundwater inflow analysis of hardrock TBM

Figures & data

Figure 1. The location map of the study area in conjunction with PSRWT tunnel project with adjacent reservoirs and rivers.

Figure 2. The cross-section of PSRWT tunnel project from Karak to Langat crossing the Titiwangsa Main Range Granite body (After KeTTHA, 2000).

Figure 3. Heavy water flow, at right crown and wall of an average rate of 3.5 ton per minute. (Location: TD 3376.6, TBM-1, Karak).

Figure 4. (a) Existing pipeline damaged due to water hammer with installation of additional pump (55 kW x 2, 110 kW x 1) at chamber; (b) Water inflow at TBM back up trailer (Max. 1.3 m high at TBM).

Figure 5. The geological map of the study area. (Modified after Maps of Kuala Kubu Baharu (Sheet 86), Selangor (Sheet 94) and Kuala Kelawang (Sheet 95)).

Table 1. Summary of geological map from TD 2000 m until 4000 m

No.	Tunnel distance (m)	Joint orientation (Dominant)	Dominant of joints with lineament (N180°E/60°)	Water inflow (l/min)	Rock quality designation (RQD)
1.	2030–2100	N250E/80, N300E/90	Perpendicular	1.0–50.0	55–80
2.	2100–2320	N170E/85, N180E/90	Parallel	1.0–940	40–70
3.	2660–2833	N180E/90, N290E/85	Parallel	2.0-~200	65–90
4.	2850–2990	N190E/80, N240E/90, N270E/70	Both but dominant by perpendicular	Wet along joint—500	65–80
5.	3000–3119	N250E/80, N160E/80	Both	Dry-50	60–80
6.	3119–3278	N180E/80 (Open Joint)	Parallel	5–2000	30–70
7.	3298–3306	N260E/60, N170E/85	Both	Dry to wet along joint	70–80
8.	3356–3582	N160E/80 N180E/60 (Open Joint)	Parallel	5–800	50–70
9.	3590–3638.23	N180E/70, N290E/70	Both	Wet along joint	40–70
10.	3648.23 − 3838.23	N250E/70 N180E/70 (Open Joint)	Both	20–160	60–70
11.	3868–4002	N227E/60	Perpendicular	~600	70

Figure 6. Non-scale schematic diagram of fault zone with lineament line, location of joints sets and local water inflow through of the study area.

Figure 7. Stereographical projection and rosette diagram, an equal area lower hemisphere plot of great circles representing the average dip and dip directions of two discontinuity sets in a rockmass.

KeTTHA (Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau dan Air). (2000). Site Investigation Report: Report on Geological Investigation and Construction Material Investigation, Part 1 & Part 2 (Included: Planning and Development of Water Resources for the state of Pahang by SMHB(1992) & SAPROF study for the transfer scheme (OECF, 1999)). Department of Irrigation and Drainage.

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