Business training programs and microenterprise formalization in Peru

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics—program beneficiaries

Age (median)	29	Earns more thanUS$ 230
% Female	59%	Pre-program	24%
Level of Education		Post-program	75%
Secondary	23.1%	Workshop quality
Vocational	33.9%	Good or very good	89%
University	41.5%	Regular or poor	11%
Has operating license		Mentoring quality
Pre-program	18%	Good or very good	54%
Post-program	58%	Regular or poor	16%
Issues official sales receipt		Was not mentored	30%
Pre-program	13%	Received seed funding	29%
Post-program	46%	Perceptions regarding seed funding
Median investment in the business (US$)		Very important	75%
Pre-program	909	Important	22%
Post-program	1,969	Not important	3%

Notes: Program participants joined the program in 2013 and were surveyed in 2015. Source: Beneficiary Survey, Ministry of Labor.

Figure 1. Investment in business before and after participating in the program.

Notes: This figure shows the density of investment in business before and after participating in the program. Source: Beneficiary Survey, Ministry of Labor.

Table 2. Program impacts on formalization and employment

	Baseline Mean	DID	Matching
			1	Neighbors 3	5	Kernel matching
Has Tax ID	0.15	0.205***	0.250***	0.259***	0.254***	0.205***
		(0.027)	(0.039)	(0.028)	(0.025)	(0.021)
Number of Employees	1.00	0.843***	0.866***	0.928***	0.951***	0.831***
		(0.116)	(0.120)	(0.084)	(0.081)	(0.062)
Works more than four daily hours in the business	0.44	0.061**	0.035	0.081**	0.079**	0.064**
		(0.032)	(0.064)	(0.040)	(0.037)	(0.029)

Standard errors reported in parentheses, clustered at the province level. Statistically significant at the 90(*), 95(**) and 99(***) percent confidence. Source: Beneficiary Survey, Ministry of Labor and National Household Survey.