Technical efficiency and impact of improved farm inputs adoption on the yield of haricot bean producer in Hadiya zone, SNNP region, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Selected districts and sample distribution

District	Household size	Sample size
Misrak badawacho	8373	87
Meirabbadawacho	6701	70
Shashogo	7068	74
		231
Total	22150

Table 2. Definitions efficiency measurement variables

Variables	Description (all are in natural logarithms)
Ln(output)	Haricot bean output in quintal
Ln(land)	Cultivated haricot bean land (ha)
Ln(labor)	Labor (man-days)
Ln(oxen)	Labor (oxen-days)
Ln(fertilizer)	Chemical fertilizers used in kg
Ln(seed)	Combined quantity of seed in kg
Ln(chemicals)	Combined quantity of chemicals in lt

Table 3. The maximum likelihood estimates of the logistic model

Logistic regression			Number of obs = 231.000
			Wald chi2(14) = 78.220
			Prob> chi2 = 0.000
Log pseudo likelihood = 18.54			Pseudo R2 = 0.478
Determinants of Adoption	Coef.	Robust Std. Err.	z	P > z	[95% Conf. Interval
Constants	−1.221	2.303	−0.530	0.096	−5.735	3.293
Land size	0.256	1.275	0.200	0.841	−2.242	2.755
Market distance	−0.496	0.164	−3.030	0.002	−0.817	−0.175
Credit access	−0.427	1.465	−0.290	0.771	−3.298	2.445
Family size	−0.222	0.241	−0.920	0.356	−0.695	0.250
Age of householder	−0.031	0.072	−0.430	0.668	−0.172	0.110
TLU	0.095	0.313	0.300	0.762	−0.518	0.707
Off income	0.856	1.278	0.670	0.503	−1.649	3.360
Extension service	2.120	1.272	1.670	0.096	−0.374	4.614
Membership to coop	1.535	0.746	2.060	0.039	0.074	2.996
Soil fertility	−3.210	1.806	−1.780	0.076	−6.750	0.330
Education	1.574	1.666	0.940	0.345	−1.691	4.839
Gender	−1.067	0.887	−1.200	0.229	−2.806	0.672
Distance to FTC	0.392	0.241	1.630	0.103	−0.079	0.864
Information access	10.377	2.976	3.490	0.000	4.544	16.209

Source: Own computation, 2018

Note: extension services refers: agriculture extension workers consultation and meet of farmers per month where as information access it means any information farmers may get from neighbours, friends or media regarding their farm inputs.

Table 4. Generalized likelihood ratio tests of hypothesis for the parameters of the SPF

	Null hypothesis	LH0	LH1	Calculated χ2 (LR) value	Critical χ2 value	Decision
For Total sample house holds	H0: = βij = 0	−184.14	−169.6	29.08	32.67	Not reject
	H0: γ = 0	−206	−184.14	43.72	2.71	Reject H0
	H0: = δ1 = …. δ 21 = 0	−203.36	−184.14	38.92	32.67	Reject H0
For Adopters	H0: = βij = 0	−97	−86.7	20.6	32.67	Not reject
	H0: γ = 0	−103.35	−97	12.7	2.71	Reject H0
	H0: = δ1 = … . δ 21 = 0	−135.52	−97	77.04	32.67	Reject H0
For Non Adopters	H0: = βij = 0	−58.92	−47.7	22	25	Not reject
	H0: γ = 0	−63.35	−58.92	8.86	2.71	Reject H0
	H0: = δ1 = … . δ 21 = 0	−81.8	−58.92	45.76	32.67	Reject H0

Source: Own computation result, 2018

Table 5. Maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic production frontier model (House holders)

Types	Variables	Parameters	Coefficients	Std. Err.	Z-value
For total sample house holders	Constant	β0	2.3003***	2.2983	0.46
	Ln(land)	β1	.2185	.5203	0.42
	Ln(labor)	Β2	.6395	.6478	0.99
	Ln(fertilizer)	Β3	.2948**	.1451	2.03
	Ln(seed)	Β4	.1265***	.0156	8.09
	Ln(Oxen)	Β5	.0756	.4258	0.18
	Ln(chemicals)	Β6	.1105*	.0591	1.87
	Sigma- square	δ ^2	.694***
	Gamma		.854
	Lambda		2.421***
	Log likelihood function		−184.14
	Returns to scale		1.4653

*, **, ***, Significant at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance

Source: Model output, 2018

Table 6. Maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic production frontier model (Adopters)

Types	Variables	Parameters	Coefficients	Std. Err.	Z-value
For Adopters	Constant	β0	10.31 ***	2.2439	1.42
	Ln(land)	β1	0.3972	0.01748	1.35
	Ln(labor)	Β2	0.1921	0.0118464	1.14
	Ln(fertilizer)	Β3	0.4481***	.0286937	3.83
	Ln(seed)	Β4	0.1351***	.1816554	2.61
	Ln(Oxen)	Β5	0.1144	1.115554	1.45
	Ln(chemicals)	Β6	0.2572**	.1673656	2.13
	Sigma- square	δ ^2	.6350	.7161
	Gamma		0.90
	Lambda		3.1
	Log likelihood function		−0.97
	Returns to scale		1.54

*, **, ***, Significant at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance

Source: Model output, 2018

Table 7. Maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic production frontier model (Non-Adopters)

Types	Variables	Parameters	Coefficients	Std. Err.	Z-value
For Non-Adopters	Constant	β0	−1.2148***	0.076242	−1.99
	Ln(land)	β1	0.1254	0.01805	0.41
	Ln(labor)	Β2	0.1931***	0.0431438	1.30
	Ln(seed)	Β3	−0.1440***	0.0868763	−8.56
	Ln(Oxen)	Β4	0.1367***	0.0595249	7.13
	Ln(chemicals)	Β5	0.1227	0.0534926	0.42
	Sigma- square	δ ^2	0.289***
	Gamma		0.802
	Lambda		2.010***
	Log likelihood function		−58.2
	Returns to scale		0.72

*, **, ***, Significant at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance

Source: Model output, 2018

Table 8. Summary statistics of estimated technical efficiencies of sample households

Types of sample	Technical efficiency estimates
	Maximum	Minimum	Mean	Standard deviation
Total sampled householders	0.919	0.117	0.598	0.186
Adopters	0.841	0.676	0.774	0.041
Non Adopters	0.930	0.450	0.788	0.076

Source: Model output, 2018.

Table 9. Maximum likelihood estimates of the factors determining technical inefficiency

	Total sampled householders		Adopters		Non Adopters
Variables	Coefficient	Std. Err	Coefficient	Std. Err	Coefficient	Std. Err
Constants	−1.247	1.855	−0.988	0.222	−1.054	2.298
Access to training	−0.783***	2.162	−0.783**	2.162	−0.788	0.526
Extension service	−0.405	1.006	−0.405	1.006	−0.122	0.301
Land Fragmentation	0.019	1.068	1.100	1.356	0.227	0.326
Land size	−1.100	1.356	−0.255	0.297	0.014	0.050
Distance to market	0.255***	0.297	1.286**	1.164	0.194***	0.302
Access to road	−1.286	1.164	−1.727	1.361	−0.120	0.312
Land Slope	1.727	1.361	0.233	0.641	0.011	0.099
Access to credit	−3.977	3.975	1.537	1.314	−0.181	0.313
Family size	0.233	0.641	0.056	0.139	0.009	0.018
Diversify	1.537**	1.314	0.090**	0.347	0.008	0.072
Age	0.056	0.139	1.043	0.701	0.012	0.195
TLU	−0.090**	0.347	−2.187**	1.371	−0.692	0.323
Experience	−1.043	0.701	−3.977	3.975	−0.265	0.587
Membership	−2.187	1.371	−2.057	2.536	−0.747	0.669
Information access	−0.953	1.816	−0.953	1.816	−0.598	0.519
Non Farm Income	−1.131	1.183	−0.019	1.068	−0.506	0.326
Soil fertility	−0.743	1.045	−1.131	1.183	−0.474	0.325
Education	−0.628	1.260	−0.743	1.045	−0.428	0.359
Sex	−0.157**	1.293	−0.628	1.260	−0.261**	0.308
Distance to FTC	0.410***	0.320	0.157**	1.293	−0.285	0.367
Number of oxen	0.008	0.031	0.028	0.021	0.020*	0.023

*, **, ***, Significant at 10%, 5% and 1%, level of significance

Source: Model output, 2018.