https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8157-2208
Figures & data
Figure 1. Contribution of industry, services, and agriculture to GDP, 2009–2019 (%)
Figure 2. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on real GDP growth, 2018–2021, actual and projected, Indonesia
Figure 3. Projected economic contraction and recovery of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, 2020–2022
Figure 4. A break-up of the pandemic fallout in all economic sectors in the economy
Figure 5. Trajectory of domestic and foreign direct investment, April–June 2019, April–June 2020
Figure 8. Drastic increase in central government expenditure January–June 2020
Figure 9. Government spending induced by COVID-19 by area and purpose
Figure 10. Percentage of countries that have introduced remote learning programs, by education level
Figure 11. Smartphone ownership in Indonesia, 2015–2025*
Figure 12. Internet uses in Indonesia, 2015–2025*
Figure 13. PISA 2018 test scores for Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia compared
Figure 14. Comparing three PISA 2018 test scores and competitiveness, digitization, e-governance, and Waseda IDG ranks
Figure 16. Unemployment rate trend (% of labor force) 1984–2022*. * Projected. Source: WEO
Figure 17. Labor productivity of Indonesian workers per hour worked in US$, 2000–2018
Figure 18. Foreign investment as % of GDP, for some ASEAN states, first half, 2019
Figure 19. Contribution of sectoral activities to GDP (%), 2019
Table A1. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the economy in first and second quarter of 2020 (constant 2010 billion Rupiahs)