Determinants of electricity production from renewable source excluding hydroelectricity in selected East African countries: Panel ARDL approach

Figures & data

Figure 1. Electricity production from renewable resources (hydropower and other sources), a comparison.

Figure 2. Time trends of electricity production from renewable resources excluding hydropower by country.

Table 1. Stationary test statistics of variables used in this study

Variables	Im-Pesaran-Shin unit-root test statistics		p-value		Stationary
	Level	First difference	Level	First difference
EPRREHT	2.6731	−4.3086	0.9962	0.0000	I(1)***
GDPPCG	−3.5250	−9.8410	0.0002	0.0000	I(0)***
popgrowth	−4.3005	−5.0409	0.0000	0.0000	I(0)***
EPOGCT	−0.9869	−6.5481	0.1619	0.0000	I(1)***
ECPC	0.3208	−6.1941	0.6258	0.0000	I(1)***
ENERIMPOR	1.5160	−3.1702	0.9352	0.0008	I(1)***
ENERUSE	2.1358	−4.4707	0.9837	0.0000	I(1)***
RESRENTGDP	−2.7174	−4.7154	0.0033	0.0000	I(0)***
EPHPT	−1.7716	−5.4992	0.0382	0.0000	I(0)**

** and *** represents stationary at 5% and 1% level of significance level.

Table 2. Model selection among the pooled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fixed effect

Between pooled mean group and mean group		Between pooled mean group and dynamic fixed effect
chi2(3)	Prob>chi2	chi2(9)	Prob>chi2
0.47	0.9258	17.06	0.0748
Test: Ho: difference in coefficients not systematic

Table 3. Long- and short-run panel ARDL estimation results of pooled mean group model

	PMG^3		Short-run
Variables	Coef.	P>|z|	Coef.	P>|z|
GDP Per Capita Growth	1.043	0.019**	0.337	0.000***
Population growth	0.121	0.000***	2.721	0.001***
Electricity Production OGCT	−0.647	0.009***	−0.56	0.000***
ECPC	0.6557	0.036**	0.027	0.000***
ENERIMPOR	0.751	0.004***	0.52	0.000***
ENERUSE	0.988	0.223	0.011	0.002***
RESRENTGDP	−0.034	0.616	0.485	0.001***
EPHPT	−1.178	0.012**	−0.1	0.069*
POLINST	−0.070	0.000***	−0.624	0.003***
CONST.	3.258	0.256	16.473	0.052*
ECM_1			−0.64	0.008***