Figures & data
Figure 1. Revenue from environmental taxes in the OECD 1994–2019, as a percentage of GDP and as a percentage of total tax revenue.
![Figure 1. Revenue from environmental taxes in the OECD 1994–2019, as a percentage of GDP and as a percentage of total tax revenue.](/cms/asset/33883efe-fff2-4bb0-8c26-2fbe31614864/oaef_a_2156094_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. Composition of environmentally related tax revenue in OECD countries in 2019.
![Figure 2. Composition of environmentally related tax revenue in OECD countries in 2019.](/cms/asset/65fa93f8-936c-4d0f-991a-aae33cc2ced1/oaef_a_2156094_f0002_oc.jpg)
Figure 4. Energy intensity of GDP at constant purchasing power parities (koe/$15p) (from 2000–2020).
![Figure 4. Energy intensity of GDP at constant purchasing power parities (koe/$15p) (from 2000–2020).](/cms/asset/bca201a8-310f-43de-9e66-9d12e6f3af94/oaef_a_2156094_f0004_oc.jpg)
Table 1. An a prior expectation between energy consumption and determinants of environmental taxes. Dependent variable: energy consumption and energy intensity
Table 2. Definition and sources of variables
Table 3. Cross-sectional dependence test
Table 4. Results of unit root test
Table 5. Panel co-integration results
Table 6. Results of estimation
Table 7. Disaggregation of environmental tax effect (long-run coefficients)
Table 8. Estimation results (using Share of environmental tax to GDP as independent variable)
Table A1. Descriptive statistics
Table B1. Quantile regression estimates (dependent variable: energy consumption)
Table C1. Quantile regression estimates (dependent variable: energy intensity)
Table C2. Panel generalized methods of moments Dependent variable: Energy Intensity
Table C3. Panel generalized methods of moments. dependent variable: energy consumption