Islamic financial literacy, spiritual intelligence, public perception and behaviour on public interest in Islamic banking services

Figures & data

Table 1. Operational definitions and measurement

Variable	Operational Definitions	Indicator	Reference
Islamic Financial Literacy (X1)	knowledge, skills, and beliefs, which influence attitudes and behaviour to improve the quality of decision-making and financial management to achieve prosperity	Knowledge of Islamic finance in general Islamic financial communication skills the ability to use knowledge of Islamic finance for decision making Actual use of Islamic financial instruments financial trust Knowledge of Islamic finance principles Knowledge of Islamic finance program Knowledge of Islamic finance regulations Knowledge of the impact financial islamic Knowledge of Islamic financial methods	(Ahmad et al., 2020; Setiawati et al., 2018; Dinc et al., 2021)
Spiritual Intelligence (X2)	The intelligence of the soul that can help a person build himself as a whole and have a clear meaning and purpose for himself	Ability to be flexible ability to adapt and take advantage of suffering ability to adapt and utilize suffering ability to face and overcome pain quality of life inspired by vision and mission reluctance to cause harm unnecessarily holistic view significant tendency to ask why or how to seek basic answers the dedicated and responsible leader	(Sirine & Kurniawati, 2018; Mahasneh et al., 2015; Vasconcelos, 2020)
Public Perception (X3)	A potential that is ready to be actualized at any time in the form of attitudes and behaviour	perception about interest perception of profit-sharing perception of Islamic bank products Prohibition of riba Lawful activities Ethical and moral values Prohibition of gambling Prohibition of speculations Perceived usefulness	(Ali & Raza, 2017; Kashif et al., 2016; Chaouch, 2017)
Public Behaviour (Y)	The method in which somebody responds in reaction to a particular situation or circumstance.	Attitude to accept Islamic banks Control of perceptions of Islamic banks Subjective norms towards saving intentions Community religiosity Consider services of Islamic banks Islamic banks are not involved in unethical activities Islamic bank does not invest in unlawful activities Islamic banks concern to upgrade the living standard of the people Islamic banks concern to serve for the welfare of society	(Nugroho et al., 2017; Mahadin & Akroush, 2019; Kaakeh et al., 2018)
Public Interest (Z)	People’s stable psychological features that characterize personal appraisal (subjective attributions of “goodness” or “badness,” evaluated degree of personal fit or mismatch)	Bank performance Managed by trusted professionals Able to provide competitive profit sharing and attractive prizes Able to provide products according to community needs Considering the services of Islamic banks is a good idea l interested in using Islamic banking products in future Recommend others to go for the services of Islamic banks Have an extensive branch network Have a good infrastructure	(Pitchay et al., 2019; Ezeh & Nkamnebe, 2019; Usman et al., 2017; Wulandari & Subagio, 2015)

Table 2. Respondent profile

Demographic	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Gender
Male	128	55.6
Female	102	44.4
Marital Status
Single	97	42
Married	133	58
Age
<25	21	9
26 ≤ 30	18	7
31 ≤ 35	24	10.4
36 ≤ 40	20	8.7
41 ≤ 45	52	22.6
46 ≤ 50	46	20
51 ≤ 55	25	10.9
> 55	24	11.4

Source: Data processed by authors

Figure 1. Smart-PLS analysis result.

Table 3. Convergent validity test result

Indicator	Value	Indicator	Value	Indicator	Value	Indicator	Value	Indicator	Value
X1P1	0.634	X2P1	0.505	X3P1	0.556	YP1	0.649	ZP1	0.665
X1P10	0.560	X2P2	0.686	X3P2	0.580	YP2	0.620	ZP2	0.756
X1P2	0.721	X2P3	0.702	X3P3	0.525	YP3	0.733	ZP3	0.741
X1P3	0.724	X2P4	0.680	X3P4	0.575	YP4	0.543	ZP4	0.569
X1P4	0.807	X2P5	0.710	X3P5	0.600	YP5	0.732	ZP5	0.753
X1P5	0.823	X2P6	0.754	X3P6	0.550	YP6	0.693	ZP6	0.745
X1P6	0.639	X2P7	0.757	X3P7	0.621	YP7	0.739	ZP7	0.616
X1P7	0.694	X2P8	0.752	X3P8	0.822	YP8	0.735	ZP8	0.750
X1P8	0.703	X2P9	0.757	X3P9	0.797	YP9	0.729	ZP9	0.756
X1P9	0.698

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 4. Discriminant validity test result

Variables	X1	X2	X3	Y	Z
X1	0.709
X2	0.560	0.704
X3	0.703	0.592	0.633
Y	0.517	0.292	0.628	0.689
Z	0.545	0.646	0.584	0.587	0.709

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 5. Reliability test and composite reliability test result

Variables	Cronbach’s Alpha	rho_A	Composite Reliability
X1	0.885	0.892	0.907
X2	0.87	0.872	0.898
X3	0.819	0.835	0.855
Y	0.86	0.868	0.89
Z	0.874	0.879	0.9

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 6. Multicollinearity test result

Indicator	VIF	Indicator	VIF	Indicator	VIF	Indicator	VIF	Indicator	VIF
X1P1	2.332	X2P1	1.356	X3P1	1.408	YP1	1.565	ZP1	1.825
X1P10	1.329	X2P2	1.680	X3P2	1.368	YP2	1.470	ZP2	2.486
X1P2	2.956	X2P3	1.793	X3P3	1.424	YP3	1.965	ZP3	2.132
X1P3	2.080	X2P4	1.760	X3P4	2.074	YP4	1.345	ZP4	1.514
X1P4	3.124	X2P5	1.926	X3P5	2.330	YP5	1.946	ZP5	1.948
X1P5	3.525	X2P6	2.033	X3P6	1.844	YP6	1.885	ZP6	2.228
X1P6	2.120	X2P7	2.816	X3P7	1.576	YP7	2.476	ZP7	1.649
X1P7	2.722	X2P8	2.876	X3P8	2.505	YP8	1.894	ZP8	2.283
X1P8	2.223	X2P9	2.010	X3P9	2.697	YP9	2.861	ZP9	2.174
X1P9	1.948

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 7. The goodness of fit test result

Method	Saturated Model	Estimation Model
SRMR	0.091	0.091
d_ULS	13.418	13.418
d_G	5.848	5.848
Chi-Square	2.214.701	2.214.701
NFI	0.424	0.424

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 8. Coefficient determination test

Model	R Square	Adjusted R Square
X1, X2, X3 -> Y	0.422	0.403
X1, X2, X3, Y -> Z	0.592	0.574

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 9. Direct effect calculation

	Original Sample (O)	Sample Average (M)	Standard Deviation(STDEV)	T Statistik (| O/STDEV |)	P Values	Information
X1 -> Y	0.190	0.218	0.153	1.242	0.215	No significant
X1 -> Z	0.063	0.052	0.098	0.640	0.522	No significant
X2 -> Y	−0.165	−0.142	0.179	0.920	0.358	No significant
X2 -> Z	0.501	0.489	0.111	4.514	0.000	Significant
X3 -> Y	0.592	0.597	0.150	3.938	0.000	Significant
X3 -> Z	−0.023	−0.028	0.114	0.204	0.839	No Significant
Y -> Z	0.422	0.441	0.110	3.852	0.000	Significant

Note: Significant if prob <0.05

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 10. Indirect effect calculation

	Original Sample (O)	Sample Mean (M)	Standard Deviation (STDEV)	T Statistic (| O/STDEV |)	P Values	Information
X1 -> Y
X1 -> Z	0.080	0.100	0.078	1.030	0.304	No significant
X2 -> Y
X2 -> Z	−0.070	−0.051	0.072	0.963	0.336	No significant
X3 -> Y
X3 -> Z	0.250	0.257	0.071	3.498	0.001	significant
Y -> Z

Note: Significant if prob <0.05

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 11. Total Effect Calculation Results

	Original Sample (O)	Sample Mean (M)	Standard Deviation (STDEV)	T Statistic (| O/STDEV |)	P Values	Information
X1 -> Y	0.190	0.218	0.153	1.242	0.215	No significant
X1 -> Z	0.143	0.153	0.115	1.247	0.213	No significant
X2 -> Y	−0.165	−0.142	0.179	0.920	0.358	No significant
X2 -> Z	0.431	0.438	0.076	5.692	0.000	Significant
X3 -> Y	0.592	0.597	0.150	3.938	0.000	Significant
X3 -> Z	0.227	0.229	0.126	1.796	0.073	No significant
Y -> Z	0.422	0.441	0.110	3.852	0.000	Significant

Note: Significant if prob <0.05

Source: Data processed by authors

Table 12. Summary of direct, indirect, and total effect on dependent variable

Relationship	Direct Effect	Indirect Effect	Total Effect
X1➝Y financial literacy➝ public behaviour	0.190		0.190
X1➝Z financial literacy➝public interest	0.063	0.080	0.143
X2➝Y Spiritual intelligence➝ public behaviour	−0.165		−0.165
X2➝Z Spiritual intelligence➝ public interest	0.501	−0.070	0.431*
X3➝Y Public perception ➝ public behaviour	0.592		0.592*
X3➝Z Public perception ➝ public interest	−0.023	0.250	0.227
Y➝Z public behaviour ➝ public interest	0.422	0.250	0.422*

*Significant at α 0.05

Source: Data processed by authors

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