Retail trader pricing behavior in the traditional rice market: A micro view for curbing inflation

Figures & data

Table 1. The mean and coefficient variation values of rice prices and price spread for each rice quality at retail and wholesale levels

Products, Prices, and Price Spreads	Before COVID-19 Pandemic		During COVID-19 Pandemic
	Mean (IDR)	CV* (%)	Mean (IDR)	CV* (%)
Low-quality, grade I rice (L1)
Wholesale price	9 830	1.23	9 887	0.87
(2)Retail price	10 723	1.39	10 800	0.50
(3)Price spread	934	17.17	913	8.16
Low-quality, grade II rice (L2)
(1)Wholesale price	9 653	1.09	9 755	0.55
(2)Retail price	10 342	0.94	10 436	0.42
(3)Price spread	689	10.77	681	8.71
Medium-quality, grade I rice (M1)
(1)Wholesale price	10 817	0.88	10 837	1.26
(2)Retail price	11 836	1.03	11 859	0.48
(3)Price spread	1 019	11.88	1 022	9.12
Medium-quality, grade II rice (M2)
(1)Wholesale price	10 591	0.80	10 617	0.79
(2)Retail price	11 641	7.98	11 648	0.43
(3)Price spread	1 049	11.94	1 022	9.12
Super-quality, grade I rice (S3)
(1)Wholesale price	11 996	0.61	12 039	0.56
(2)Retail price	13 079	0.76	13 118	0.30
(3)Price spread	1 083	9.10	1 079	4.09
Super-quality, grade II rice (S3)
(1)Wholesale price	11 707	0.48	11 750	0.53
(2)Retail price	12 642	0.66	12 712	0.53
(3)Price spread	935	8.75	963	8.38

Note: *Coefficient Variation (CV) = (Standard Deviation/Mean) x 100

Table 2. The estimation results of the research model

Variable	PSL1	PSL2	PSM1	PSM2	PSS1	PSS2
PWL1	−0.632***
PWL2		−0.851***
PWM1			−0.731***
PWM2				−0.953***
PWS1					−0.933***
PWS2						−0.494***
LPWL1	0.316***					-
LPWL2		0.643***
LPWM1			0.318***
LPWM2				0.845***
LPWS1					0.514***
LPWS2						0.229*
PSL1		0.091***	0.094**	0.352***	−0.011	0.295***
PSL2	0.047		−0.097***	−0.113**	−0.042	−0.010
PSM1	−0.263***	−0.049		0.198***	−0.168***	−0.168***
PSM2	0.739***	0.079*	0.550***		0.340***	0.134**
PSS1	−0.098	0.090**	0.080	0.127**		0.272***
PSS2	0.610***	0.1462**	−0.172**	−0.020	0.253***
LPSL2	0.112***
LPSL2		0.426***
LPSM2			0.165***
LPSM2				0.102**
LPSS1					0.195***
LPSS2						0.170***
COVID	32. 756***	13.037***	22.937***	−18.713***	15.109***	32.055***
Constanta	2 896***	2 055***	4 794***	1 526***	5 517***	3 349***
“R-square”	0.730	0.689	0.795	0.754	0.533	0.600
Chi-square	1 102***	1 092***	1 965***	844***	614***	526***

Note: ***Sig < 0.01; **Sig < 0.05; *Sig < 0.10