Figures & data
Figure 1. Average real total factor productivity 1954–2019.
![Figure 1. Average real total factor productivity 1954–2019.](/cms/asset/bdc64b38-7394-49e6-8fe9-6354ea5210cb/oaef_a_2223423_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. Structure of R&D capital spending and total factor productivity in South Africa.
![Figure 2. Structure of R&D capital spending and total factor productivity in South Africa.](/cms/asset/c5bf9e40-4b02-4d69-95a0-ef3e93c57a87/oaef_a_2223423_f0002_oc.jpg)
Table 1. Definition of variables and measurement
Table 2. Summary statistics
Table 3. Correlation analysis
Table 4. Unit root tests based on Augmented Dickey–Fuller procedure
Table 5. Regression results for OLS, ARDL, and NARDL models
Table 6. Error correction model results