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General & Applied Economics

Economic policy uncertainty and corporate leverage - does cash holdings matter? Evidence from the U.S.

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Article: 2223809 | Received 22 Jan 2023, Accepted 07 Jun 2023, Published online: 19 Jun 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The relationship between EPU, corporate leverage and cash holdings.

Figure 1. The relationship between EPU, corporate leverage and cash holdings.

Figure 2. The plot of News-based EPU, 3-component-based EPU and GEPU indexes over the sample period (1995–2018) .

Figure 2. The plot of News-based EPU, 3-component-based EPU and GEPU indexes over the sample period (1995–2018) .

Table 1. Descriptive statistics

Figure 3. Economic policy uncertainty and average corporate leverage behaviour over 1995–2018.

Source: Thomson EIKON DataStream database & http://www.policyuncertainty.com/index.html.
Figure 3. Economic policy uncertainty and average corporate leverage behaviour over 1995–2018.

Figure 4. Economic policy uncertainty and average cash holdings behaviour over 1995–2018.

Source: Thomson EIKON DataStream database & http://www.policyuncertainty.com/index.html.
Figure 4. Economic policy uncertainty and average cash holdings behaviour over 1995–2018.

Figure 5. Average corporate leverage and average cash holdings behaviour over 1995–2018.

Source: Thomson EIKON DataStream database
Figure 5. Average corporate leverage and average cash holdings behaviour over 1995–2018.

Table 2. Baseline results

Table 3. Heterogeneous analysis

Table 4. Robustness checks 1 & 2: Excluding corporate leverage observations greater than one and alternate measure of cash holdings

Table 5. Robustness check 2: Alternative EPU measures

Table 6. Robustness checks 3 and 4: Mitigating endogeneity concern and sample selection bias

Table 7. Additional test: Substituting long-term and short-term leverage with total leverage

Data availability statement

The data used in this study was obtained from Thomson EIKON Datastream (URL https://eikon.thomsonreuters.com), a paid data provider and (URL: http://www.policyuncertainty.com/index.html) am open source data.