European Banking Union structures and dynamics

Figures & data

Figure 1. Networks from 2006 to 2020.⁴

Figure 2. Modularity.

Figure 3. Degree total.

Figure 4. Degree in.

Figure 5. Degree out.

Figure 6. Betweenness.

Figure 7. Authority.

Table 1. Bank variables

Bank variables	Codes
Return on assets	ROA
Return on equity	ROE
Cash and cash balances with central banks [% of total assets]	Cash.TA
Cost-to-income ratio [%]	Cost_Income_Ratio
Net interest income [% of total assets]	Net_interest_Income
Interest expenses [% of total assets]	Interest _expenses
Net fee and commission income [% of total assets]	NFC.A
Net interest income [% of total income]	NII.TI
Net fee and commission income [% of total income]	NFC.IT
Total loans and advances [% of total assets]	Total_loans_advances
Total debt securities [% of total assets]	Total_debt_securities
Total equity [% of total assets]	Total_equity
Solvency ratio [%]	Solvency_ratio
Tier 1 ratio [%]	Tier1_ratio
Tier 1 buffer [%]	Tier1_buffer
Risk-weighted assets [% of total assets]	Risk_weighted_assets
Tier 1 capital [% of own funds]	Tier1_capital. OF
Tier 1 capital [% of own funds]	Tier2_capital. OF
Total operating expenses [% of total assets]	Operating_profits

Figure 8. Correlations.

Figure 9. Regulatory ratios.

Figure 10. Cash over total assets.

Figure 11. Risk weighted assets per year.

Table 2. Economic variables

Economic variables	Codes
Productivity per hours worked	Productivity
Population change - crude rates of total change, natural change and net migration plus adjustment	Grow_pop.
Gross domestic product at market prices converted using purchasing power parities; ratio to total population.	GDP
Balance (Credits minus Debits)- Current account- Euro; ratio to gross domestic product.	Balance_payments
Government debt (consolidated) (as % of GDP)	Debt
Unemployment	Umployment
Inflation	Inflation
Residential property, All dwelling types, new and existing. Transaction value - actual or estimated based on other types of values, e.g., appraisals, Deflated by the private consumption deflator. Unit, 2015=100.	Property prices

Figure 12. Risk weighted assets per country.

Figure 13. Regression tree (bank push variables).

Figure 14. Alluvial (bank push variables).

Figure 15. Partial derivatives (bank push variables).

Figure 16. Regression tree (bank pull variables).

Figure 17. Alluvial (bank pull variables).

Figure 18. Partial derivatives (bank pull variables).

Figure 19. Regression tree (economic push variables).

Figure 20. Alluvial (economic push variables).

Figure 21. Partial derivatives (economic push variables).

Figure 22. Regression tree (economic push variables).

Figure 23. Alluvial (economic pull variables).

Figure 24. Partial derivatives (economic pull variables).

Table

MODELS	RMSE	MAE
PUSH BANK REGRESSION TREE	7,158	4,607
PUSH BANK RAMDON FOREST	2,146	1,198
PULL BANK REGRESSION TREE	8,717	6,639
PULL BANK RAMDON FOREST	7,764	6,143
PUSH ECONOMIC REGRESSION TREE	5,234	4,086
PUSH ECONOMIC RAMDON FOREST	1,751	1,226
PULL ECONOMIC REGRESSION TREE	7,551	4,721
PULL ECONOMIC RAMDON FOREST	5,243	4,236