Household electricity consumption: A study on the role of micro-renewable energy systems in Vietnam

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of categorical variables

Variable	Proportion (%)
	2016	2018
Households adopting micro-RES
Yes	1.45	0.92
No	98.55	99.08
Dwelling location
Urban	27.68	27.73
Rural	72.32	72.27
Type of housing
Villa type or detached house	20.47	23.40
Others	79.53	76.60
Construction materials of the frame
Concrete	71.90	70.44
Others	28.10	29.56
Self-employment
Yes	68.86	67.38
No	31.14	32.62
Terrain
Hilly or mountainous region	49.63	49.63
Others	50.37	50.37
Internet access at home
Yes	24.27	39.54
No	75.73	60.46
TV
Household has a TV	90.86	91.47
Household has no TV	9.14	8.53
Fridge
Household has a fridge	67.14	76.73
Household has no fridge	32.86	23.27
Conditioner
Household has an air-conditioner	13.15	18.83
Household has no air-conditioner	86.85	81.17
Water heater
Household has a water heater	24.75	30.16
Household has no water heater	75.25	69.84
Ownership
Owner	97.97	98.10
Others	2.03	1.90
N	3,786	3,786

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of quantitative variables

Variable	Mean		Change
	2016	2018
Electricity consumption per capita (kWh)	41.31	49.75	20.43%
Total fuel consumption per capita (1,000 VND)	196.37	237.20	20.79%
Monthly income per capita (1,000 VND)	2,869	3,698	28.88%
Number of persons living in household	3.87	3.79
Ratio of income-generating members to total household size (%)	62.45	62.62
Ratio of children in the household (%)	34.78	33.17
Floor space per capita (m^2)	26.05	27.53
Years of formal education of householder	7.82	7.86
Age of householder	51.82	53.19
N	3,786	3,786

Table 3. Logit regression results for the determinants of RES Installation

	Coef. 2016	Coef. 2018
Logarithm of income per capita	−1.083***	−0.926***
Number of persons living in household	0.394***	0.080
Dwelling location
Urban	−2.406*	−1.306
Rural (reference category)
Floor space per capita	0.018*	0.004
Years of formal education of householder	−0. 137***	−0.133**
Type of housing
Villa type or detached house	−0. 976	−2.431**
Others (reference category)
Construction materials of the frame
Concrete Others (reference category)	−1.415***	−2.340***
Self-employment
Yes	1.573*	1.945*
No (reference category)
Terrain
Hilly or mountainous region	2.497***	2.051***
Others (reference category)
Constant	0. 000	1. 127
R^2	0.369	0.350

Notes: * significant at the 10 per cent level, ** significant at the 5 per cent level, *** significant at the 1 per cent level.

Table 4. Regression results for household’s energy consumption (full sample)

	Model 1 Electricity consumption	Model 2 Total fuel consumption
Power source Renewable Other (reference category)	−1.159***	−0.973***
Ratio of income-generating members to total household size	0.201***	0.357***
Ratio of children in the household	−0.550***	−0.324***
Floor space per capita	0.005***	0.004***
Age of householder	0.006***	0.004**
Years of formal education of householder	0.012*	0.011**
Internet access at home Yes No (reference category)	0.094***	0.117***
TV Household has a TV Household has no TV (reference category)	0.120***	0.076**
Fridge Household has a fridge Household has no fridge (reference category)	0.357***	0.234***
Conditioner Household has an air-conditioner Household has no air-conditioner (reference category)	0.111***	0.135***
Water heater Household has a water heater Household has no water heater (reference category)	0.109***	0.084***
Type of housing Villa type or detached house Others (reference category)	0.109*	0.124**
Construction material of the frame Concrete Others (reference category)	0.069	0.085**
Ownership Owner Others (reference category)	−0.013	−0.095
Constant	1.341	3.377
R^2 (overall)	0.508	0.379

Notes: * significant at the 10 per cent level, ** significant at the 5 per cent level, *** significant at the 1 per cent level.