Unrest in Kazakhstan: Economic background and causes

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for annual data for 2017–2021

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Gini10	85	0.253	0.042	0.165	0.324
Gini20	85	0.241	0.040	0.156	0.308
CF	85	4.94	1.270	2.8	7.45
ConsSL	85	194.2	36.22	123.9	267.3
SL	85	29596	5289	21323	42948
BelSL	85	4.116	2.181	0.2	12.2
Depth	85	0.655	0.360	0.1	1.6
Acuity	85	0.180	0.116	0.04	0.6
Cons	85	56806	13644	30609	93906
Unemp	85	4.869	0.183	4.4	5.3

Source: KazStat (2023)

Table 2. Socio-economic indicators of the regions of Kazakhstan in 2021

	Gini10	Gini20	CF	SL	ConsSL	BelSL	Depth	Acuity	Unemp
Akmola	0,287	0,273	5,94	36 665	193,7	6,4	1,2	0,4	4,9
Aktobe	0,285	0,271	5,22	34 264	181,7	3,7	0,6	0,1	4,8
Almaty	0,28	0,266	5,38	37 230	190,6	4,2	0,7	0,2	4,8
Atyrau	0,222	0,211	3,78	36 229	157,8	3,3	0,2	0	4,9
West Kazakhstan	0,249	0,236	4,48	34 275	175,1	4,4	0,7	0,1	4,9
Zhambyl	0,22	0,209	3,86	34 811	155,9	5,3	0,5	0,1	4,9
Karaganda	0,309	0,294	6,9	35 778	244,1	3,2	0,5	0,1	4,5
Kostanai	0,256	0,243	5,06	35 897	200,2	3,4	0,5	0,1	4,8
Kyzylorda	0,23	0,218	4,23	35 140	158	5,5	0,7	0,2	4,9
Mangystau	0,188	0,178	3,28	42 948	130,1	8,6	1,6	0,5	4,9
Pavlodar	0,312	0,296	6,51	37 031	212,4	3,9	0,6	0,1	4,8
North Kazakhstan	0,298	0,284	6,67	35 660	226	5,5	0,8	0,2	4,9
Turkestan	0,192	0,182	3,42	35 770	130,5	9,8	1,3	0,3	5,1
East Kazakhstan	0,319	0,304	6,78	37 791	209,6	5,5	0,9	0,2	4,8
Astana city	0,259	0,246	4,73	41 232	199,4	2,2	0,3	0,1	4,6
Almaty city	0,321	0,305	7,45	39 685	236,6	5,2	1	0,3	5,2
Shymkent city	0,188	0,179	3,22	34 634	139,6	5,5	0,9	0,2	5,0

Source: KazStat (2023)

Note: Bold indicates the maximum or minimum value in each column.

Figure 1. Unemployment rate, %.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Figure 2. Purchasing power of income, %.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Figure 3. Gini10 index in the regions of Kazakhstan in 2017 and 2021.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Figure 4. The share of the population with incomes used for consumption below the subsistence level, %.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Figure 5. Depth of poverty.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Figure 6. Acuity of poverty.

Source: KazStat (2023)

Table 3. Probit-model, dependent variable unrest

Variables		Specifications
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Gini10	1.25 (4.80)
CF		−0.017 (0.153)
Unemp				−0.014 (1.33)
SL			0.0005*** (0.0002)		0.0004** (0.0002)
BelSL			0.310* (0.169)			0.18** (0.081)
Depth	1.36** (0.59)			1.31** (0.61)			1.30** (0.54)
Acuity		3.56** (1.56)						3.59** (1.54)
Constant	−2.76* (1.49)	−2.07** (0.91)	−19.7*** (7.11)	−2.34 (6.31)	−14.8** (6.36)	−2.24*** (0.46)	−2.40*** (0.50)	−2.16*** (0.42)
Several obs.	85	85	85	85	85	85	85	85
Wald chi2(2) Prob > chi2	5.80 [0.055]	5.46 [0.065]	7.26 [0.027]	5.86 [0.054]	5.05 [0.025]	4.82 [0.028]	5.86 [0.016]	5.42 [0.020]

Note: Robust standard errors are in parentheses under the coefficients: ***p <0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1.

Source: calculated by authors according to the data from (KazStat, 2023).

KazStat. (2023). Bureau of National statistics of the Agency for strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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