Rural women’s participation in wild honey hunting and associated income, dietary diversity, and food insecurity implications: Evidence from South Africa

Figures & data

Figure 1. The participation status of rural women in wild honey hunting from the study area.

Figure 2. The distribution of the participants’ household dietary diversity scores (wild honey hunters and non-hunters) from the study area.

Figure 3. The distribution of the participants’ household food insecurity access scales frequencies (wild honey hunters and non-hunters) from the study area.

Table 1. Probit regression estimates for the factors that influence wild honey hunting among rural women

Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	z	P>|z|	dy/dx
Age	0.3810488	0.1610756	2.37	0.018**	0.1321655
Household Income	0.0002287	0.000151	1.52	0.130	0.0000793
Access to extension services	0.4678742	0.2069441	2.26	0.024**	0.1622806
Access to formal honey markets	−1.373158	0.4304659	−3.19	0.001***	−0.476275
Employment status	−0.1147459	0.4280909	−0.27	0.789	−0.0397992
Number of livelihoods options	0.1881157	0.057458	3.27	0.001***	0.0652473
Education	0.2559284	0.2330852	1.10	0.272	0.0887679
Household size	−0.0322496	0.0464031	−0.69	0.487	−0.0111857
Marital status	−0.0083337	0.1837346	−0.05	0.964	−0.0028905-
_cons	−2.519008	0.8763376	−2.87	0.004	-
Log likelihood = − 108.0614; LR Chi square (9) = 34.62; Prob > Chi square = 0.0001; Pseudo R^2 = 0.4381; Number of obs = 200

***, Significant at 1%; **, Significant at 5%; *, Significant at 10% confidence level.

Figure 4. Propensity score distribution and the common support condition for the wild honey hunters (treatment group) and non-hunters (control group).

Table 2. Income, dietary diversity, and food insecurity access implications of participating in wild honey hunting

Wild Honey Harvesters (1) vs Non-Wild Honey Harvesters (0)	Coefficient	AI Robust Standard Error	z	p > | z |
ATET
Income	539.2555	112.9457	4.77	0.000***
Dietary Diversity Score	1.279563	0.3031647	4.22	0.000***
Food Insecurity Access Score	−4.090079	1.478328	−2.77	0.006***