The effect of livelihood diversification on food security: evidence from Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sustainable livelihood framework (SLF). Source: Adopted from (Natarajan et al. (2022); DFID, 1999).

Figure 2. Source of income and status of food security. Source: Authors’ sketch for the dataset using STATA software.

Table 1. Determinants of livelihood diversification.

HH_LHD	Coef	Robust St.Err	Z	P > |z|	Av.marginal effet (dy/dx)
HH_educ (not educated)	0.004	0.05	0.07	0.944	0.001
Gender (female)	0.185***	0.068	2.69	0.007	0.035
AgeHH	−0.492***	0.149	−3.30	0.001	−0.093
HH_Size	0.083***	0.011	7.49	0	0.016
Marital_Stat (married)	0.054	0.073	0.73	0.463	0.010
HH_Location (rural)	−1.085***	0.06	−17.97	0	−0.205
dist_road	0.008***	0.007	1.17	0.241	0.002
dist_market	0.005***	0.001	5.48	0	0.001
HH_crdt_acc (yes, access crdt)	−0.371***	0.051	−7.34	0	−0.070
HH_get_Assit (yes, access to Asis)	−0.185***	0.061	−3.05	0.002	−0.035
HHs_Shock_Hist (yes, faced any of shock)	−0.102**	0.047	−2.16	0.03	−0.019
Constant	0.006	0.501	0.01	0.991
Constant	−3.741	2.392	b	b
Mean dependent var	0.276	SD dependent var	0.447
Number of obs Number of groups	10219 3,728	Chi-square	430.188
Prob > chi^2	0.000	Akaike crit. (AIC)	11596.008

***p < .01; **p < .05; * p < .1.

Source: Own computation from living standards measurement study.

Integrated Surveys of Agriculture (LSMS-ISA (2022).

Table 2. Effect of livelihood diversification on food security.

HH_Fs_Stat	Coef	Robust St.Err	z	P > |z|	Av.Mar.effect(dy/dx)
HH_LHD (diversified)	0.112**	0.05	2.25	0.025	0.027
N_shock_Occ(yes experienced)	−0.232***	0.056	−4.14	0	−0.056
LH_Nshcok(LH_Nshcok)	0.023	0.121	0.19	0.849	0.006
Constant	0.379***	0.027	13.84	0
Constant	−3.053	0.94	.b	.b
Mean dependent var	0.589	SD dependent var	0.492
Number of obs	10,425	Chi-square	29.688
Number of groups	3,728	Log likelihood	−7045.3839
Prob > chi^2	0.000	Akaike crit. (AIC)	14100.768

***p < .01; **p < .05; *p < .1.

Source: Own analysis from LSMS-ISA (2022).

Natarajan, N., Newsham, A., Rigg, J., & Suhardiman, D. (2022). A sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century. World Development, 155, 105898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105898

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DFID. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets: Framework introduction vulnerability transforming. Context, 26.

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Data availability statement

The raw dataset is obtained from Ethiopian socio-economic survey from living standard measurement study (LSMS) which was collected by the Ethiopian central statistical agency in collaboration with the World Bank Group. It is available at https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3823/get-microdata. The dataset extracted for this study and the do file will be made available on request.