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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to obtain consensus among an international, multidisciplinary panel of child sex-trafficking experts and child sex-trafficking survivors on the most important elements needed in a comprehensive, interdisciplinary health-care-provider education program on the recognition, intervention, and referral of child sex-trafficking victims and survivors.
Methods: A two-round Delphi method was utilized to identify the most important elements of a child sex-trafficking health-care-provider education program. A content validity index score was utilized to determine consensus and order importance of each element.
Results: Eight content areas including 63 subcontent areas were identified by an international panel of 23 subject-matter experts representing clinical professions, law enforcement, academia, and community support organizations as important for inclusion in comprehensive health-care-provider education programs. Three content areas and 19 subcontent areas were identified by 10 survivors as important for inclusion in comprehensive health-care-provider education programs. The Individual Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was utilized to determine consensus and rank importance.
Conclusion: The findings of this Delphi study provide the first scientifically based framework to guide the development of comprehensive, interdisciplinary education programs for health care providers on the recognition, intervention, and treatment and referral of child sex-trafficking victims and survivors. The use of the I-CVI allows the program developer to tailor the education-program components to the time and scope of the program under development.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the diverse and exceptional panel of experts as well as the child sex-trafficking survivors without whom this study would not have been possible. Survivors are not identified and only the expert participants consenting to acknowledgment are identified:
Harrison J. Alter, MD, MS
Dr. Jeff Barrows, VP of Education and Advocacy, Abolition International
Kara J. Beckett, LCSW
Mary de Chesnay, RN, PhD PMHCNS-BC, FAAN
Cheryl Deluca-Johnson, President & CEO, Street Grace
Michael Fox, Human Trafficking Investigator
Jordan Greenbaum, MD, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
Susan Mercy, EMT/EMD/Survivor Parent
Lieutenant Derek Prestridge, Texas Rangers Division, Texas Crimes Against Children Center
Dr. Donna Sabella, Director of Global Studies and the Office of Human Trafficking, Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions
Hanni Stoklosa MD, MPH
Katherine Welch, MD
Renelle Wolff, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern Shared Hope International
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Cathy L. Miller
Cathy L. Miller, RN, Ph.D., is affiliated with The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing, Associate Professor in the College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, and Fellow and Health Care Consultant at Shared Hope International. Gloria Duke, Ph.D., RN, is Professor and Associate Dean, Office of Research, School of Nursing; Bart Brooks Professor of Ethics & Leadership; Director, UT Tyler Center for Ethics; and Chair, UT Tyler Institutional Review Board, at The University of Texas at Tyler. Sally Northam, RN, Ph.D., is Professor, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing.
Gloria Duke
Cathy L. Miller, RN, Ph.D., is affiliated with The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing, Associate Professor in the College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, and Fellow and Health Care Consultant at Shared Hope International. Gloria Duke, Ph.D., RN, is Professor and Associate Dean, Office of Research, School of Nursing; Bart Brooks Professor of Ethics & Leadership; Director, UT Tyler Center for Ethics; and Chair, UT Tyler Institutional Review Board, at The University of Texas at Tyler. Sally Northam, RN, Ph.D., is Professor, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing.
Sally Northam
Cathy L. Miller, RN, Ph.D., is affiliated with The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing, Associate Professor in the College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, and Fellow and Health Care Consultant at Shared Hope International. Gloria Duke, Ph.D., RN, is Professor and Associate Dean, Office of Research, School of Nursing; Bart Brooks Professor of Ethics & Leadership; Director, UT Tyler Center for Ethics; and Chair, UT Tyler Institutional Review Board, at The University of Texas at Tyler. Sally Northam, RN, Ph.D., is Professor, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Nursing.