Improving rational thermal comfort prediction by using subpopulation characteristics: A case study at Hermitage Amsterdam

Figures & data

Table 1. Average height and weight for two age categories in the Dutch population.¹²

	Male			Female
	30–40 [y]	65–75 [y]	Δ [%]	30–40 [y]	65–75 [y]	Δ [%]
Height [cm]	182.5	177.3	−3	168.9	164.9	−2
Weight [kg]	83.2	84.5	2	69.9	71.4	2
Surface area [m^2]	2.05	2.02	−2	1.8	1.78	−1
Met. rate [W/m^2]	55.2	50	−9	49.3	45	−9

Note: Body surface area is calculated using the Dubois equation. The metabolic rate is calculated using the Harris and Benedict equation and scaled to 1 Met (original output is basal metabolic rate and assumed at 0.8 Met).

Figure 1. (A) Aerial view of Hermitage Amsterdam museum. (B) One of two main exhibition rooms with a large glass roof. (C) The entrance stairway from the lobby to the main exhibition room with an air curtain to reduce air exchange. (D) A cross section of one side of the building showing the main exhibition room and adjacent cabinets. Figure source: Ref. 14.

Figure 2. The used survey including numerical transcription used for statistical analysis.

Table 2. Specification of instruments used for indoor climate measurements.

Variable	Range	Accuracy	Sensor
Air temperature [°C]	−80–150	±0.10	NTC type DC95
Radiant temperature [°C]	−55–80	±0.05	NTC U-type
Air relative humidity [%]	0–100	±3.00	Humitter® 50YX
Airspeed [m/s]	0.05–5.00	0.02 ± 1.5%	SensoAnemo 5132SF

Figure 3. Number of males and females per age group.

Table 3. Number of respondents of the subpopulations used for further analysis.

Age [y]	N males [−]	N females [−]
30–40	60	50
65–75	128	224

Table 4. Input variables of the PMV model and methods of determination.

Input parameter	Determination
Metabolism [W/m^2]	Unknown
External work [W/m^2]	0
Radiant temperature [°C]	Measured
Air temperature [°C]	Measured
Relative air humidity [−]	Measured
Clothing level [clo]	Transcription from survey responses
Air speed [m/s]	Measured

Figure 4. Mean operative temperatures ± SD during the survey days as a function of the running mean outdoor temperature (RMOT) according to Equation (3(3) $RMOT =\frac{T_{\text{e},\text{i}}+0.8T_{\text{e},\text{i}-1}+0.4T_{\text{e},\text{i}-2}+0.2T_{\text{e},\text{i}-3}}{2.4}$(3) ).

Figure 5. AMV versus PMV using an assumed metabolic rate of 1.5 Met and the line of identity (dashed).

Figure 6. (A) All identified metabolic rates. (B) Identified metabolic rates of adults and elderly. The age groups 30–40 y and 65–75 y were chosen because information on these groups was available from the database of the Dutch central bureau for statistics (CBS) shown in Table 3.

Figure 7. Calibrated metabolic rates of males and females for different age categories. The age groups 30–40 y and 65–75 y were chosen because information on these groups was available from the database of the Dutch central bureau for statistics (CBS) shown in Table 3.

Table 5. Relevant correlations between prediction residuals and the variables RMOT (running mean outdoor temperature), Clo (clothing insulation), and RH_i (indoor air relative humidity).

	RMOT	Clo	RHi
Pearson r	−0.54	0.38	−0.32
p	<0.01	0.03	0.06

Figure 8. AMV versus PMV* and the line of identity (dashed).

Table 6. Correlations between prediction residuals and the variables RMOT (running mean outdoor temperature), Clo (clothing insulation), RH_i (indoor air relative humidity).

	RMOT	Clo	RHi
Pearson r	<0.01	−0.08	0.01
p-value	1	0.63	0.95

Figure 9. AMV compared with PMV**. Regression analysis shows the relation is very close to the line of identity (dashed): AMV = 0.997 PMV**-0.0002.

CBS. Lengte en gewicht van personen, ondergewicht en overgewicht; vanaf 1981. 2015. [accessed 2016 Nov 25]. http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=81565NED&D1=5-6&D2=1-2&D3=6,11&D4=0&D5=34&HDR=G1,T&STB=G2,G3,G4&VW=T

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Kramer RP, van Schijndel AWM, Schellen HL. The importance of integrally simulating the building, HVAC and control systems, and occupants' impact for energy predictions of buildings including temperature and humidity control: validated case study museum Hermitage Amsterdam. J Build Perform Simul. 2017;10(3):272-293. doi:10.1080/19401493.2016.1221996.

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