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Priority Review

Shivering thermogenesis in humans: Origin, contribution and metabolic requirement

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Pages 217-226 | Received 08 Mar 2017, Accepted 08 May 2017, Published online: 11 Jul 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1. Simplified schematic representation of cold-induced thermogenesis. Afferent input represented by green boxes, efferent output represented by red box, thermoregulatory control center (hypothalamus) and integrated response (core temperature) represented by black boxes. Model adapted from refs. Citation9,Citation10,Citation12.

Figure 1. Simplified schematic representation of cold-induced thermogenesis. Afferent input represented by green boxes, efferent output represented by red box, thermoregulatory control center (hypothalamus) and integrated response (core temperature) represented by black boxes. Model adapted from refs. Citation9,Citation10,Citation12.

Figure 2. Changes in shivering intensity as a function of changes in mean skin temperature measured under compensable conditions (no change in Tcore). Data adapted from refs. Citation20Citation22, Citation42, Citation43, Citation52, Citation56, Citation68.

Figure 2. Changes in shivering intensity as a function of changes in mean skin temperature measured under compensable conditions (no change in Tcore). Data adapted from refs. Citation20–Citation22, Citation42, Citation43, Citation52, Citation56, Citation68.

Figure 3. Changes in thermogenic rate (times resting metabolic rate (xRMR)) as a function of changes in average skin temperature found in various cold exposure studies in lean healthy men. Thermogenic rates are characterized as mild (1–2 xRMR), moderate (2–3 xRMR) and high (>3 xRMR). Points represent data from end of cold exposure for following studies.Citation19Citation22,Citation24,Citation34,Citation36,Citation39Citation64

Figure 3. Changes in thermogenic rate (times resting metabolic rate (xRMR)) as a function of changes in average skin temperature found in various cold exposure studies in lean healthy men. Thermogenic rates are characterized as mild (1–2 xRMR), moderate (2–3 xRMR) and high (>3 xRMR). Points represent data from end of cold exposure for following studies.Citation19–Citation22,Citation24,Citation34,Citation36,Citation39–Citation64

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