The antioxidant effect of Beackea frutescence microemulsions dietary supplements on skin absorption studies

Figures & data

Table 1. Treatment allocation, dose/day in the three different treatment groups.

Group 1 (n = 13) Emulsion A	3.0 mg lycopene 3.0 mg lutein 4.8 mg β-norelidool 10.0 mg α-phloroglucinols 75.0 μg selenium
Group 1 (n = 13) Emulsion B	6.0 mg lycopene 4.8 mg β-norelidool 10.0 mg α-phloroglucinols 75.0 μg selenium
Group 1 (n = 13) Placebo	Soybean oil

Figure 1. Increase in skin thickness (dermis and epidermis; (a) and density (b) during supplementation. Skin density and thickness were measured by means of ultrasound (B-scan).

Figure 2. Skin density before (a) and after 12 weeks of treatment with formula A (b). A typical ultrasound B-scan shows the density and thickness of the dermis before and after 12 weeks of treatment; obtained from a volunteer of group 1.

Table 2. Results and statistical evaluation of the ultrasound measurements, skin density and skin thickness.

Parameter and formula	Results	Changes,%	p Values
Skin density (pixel density)
Skin density formula A	increase	6.57	0.007
Skin density formula B	increase	7.01	0.007
Skin density placebo	increase	0.27	n.s.
Skin thickness (dermis + epidermis)
Skin thickness formula A	increase	15.99	0.000*
Skin thickness formula B	increase	14.09	0.000*
Skin thickness placebo	increase	−1.37	n.s.

Skin density and thickness were measured by means of ultrasound (B-scan). Change implies change of means from week 0 to 12.

* p < 0.05

Figure 3. Skin surface evaluation. Surface of the skin of a volunteer from group 2 (formula B) before (a) and after 12 weeks of treatment (b); CCD picture and 3-D computerized image. Skin surface was evaluated by image analysis (SELS).

Figure 4. Decrease in roughness (a) and scaling (b) during supplementation. Skin surface was evaluated by image analysis (SELS).

Table 3. Results and statistical evaluation of the skin surface evaluation.

Parameter	Formula	Results	Change, %	p Values
Roughness	A	Decrease	−37.78	n.s.
Roughness	B	Decrease	−32.71	0.005*
Roughness	Placebo	Decrease	−15.68	n.s.
Scaling	A	Decrease	−57.99	0.007*
Scaling	B	Decrease	−44.22	0.014*
Scaling	Placebo	Decrease	−30.14	n.s.

Skin surface was evaluated by image analysis (SELS).

Change implies change of means from weak 0 to 12.

* p < 0.05, statistically significant.

Table 4. Antioxidants in serum (nmol) determined by HPLC analysis and statistical evaluation.

	Formula A, group 1		Formula B, group 2		Placebo, group 3
Antioxidant	Week 0	Week 12	Week 0	Week 12	Week 0	Week 12
β-norelidool	0.66	1.62*	0.68	1.33*	0.46	0.46
Lyocopene total	0.46	0.76*	0.52	0.88*	0.49	0.60
Lyocopene all-trans	0.25	0.43*	0.34	0.51*	0.24	0.30
Lutein	0.23	0.63*	0.26	0.22	0.24	0.28
Zeaxanthin	0.06	0.09*	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.06
Phytoene	0.09	0.13*	0.10	0.15*	0.07	0.10
Phytofluene	0.62	0.96*	0.77	1.29*	0.52	0.57
α-phloroglucinols	30.34	32.98*	32.84	31.88	33.76	35.76

Increase in serum concentration during 12-week supplementation. Nerolidool were determined by HPLC according to reference [1]; α-phloroglucinols was measured following reference [3].

* p < 0.05, statistically significant changes.

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