Influence of household demographic and socio-economic factors on water demand in Ngamiland District, Botswana

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map showing the study sites (Source: Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana).

Table 1. Gender and age group of the respondents (n = 497)

Variable	Frequency	%
Gender
Male	121	24.3
Female	376	75.7
Total	497	100
Age group
Less than 29	104	20.9
30–40	183	36.8
41–51	94	18.9
52–62	63	12.7
63 and above	53	10.6
Total	497	100

Notes: Mean age = 41.6 years, Median = 38 years, Standard Deviation = 14.6

Source: Field survey, 2020

Figure 2. Gender of the respondents and households’ monthly water demand.

Figure 3. Age of the respondents and households’ monthly water demand.

Table 2a. Socio-economic attributes of the respondents (n = 497)

Variable	Frequency	%
Education level
None	44	8.9
Non-formal	11	2.2
Primary	88	17.7
Secondary	219	44.1
Tertiary	135	27.2
Total	497	100
Employment status
Formally employed	195	39.2
Self-employed	57	11.5
Unemployed	245	49.3
Total	497	100
Income level
Less P3000	77	30.5
3001–4000	18	7.1
4001–5000	18	7.1
5001 and above	99	39.3
Did not disclose their salaries	40	15.9
Total	252	100

Notes: Mean = 2347.70, Standard Deviation = 4758.9

Source: Field survey 2020

Figure 4. Education level of the respondents and households’ monthly water demand.

Figure 5. Employment status of the respondents and households’ monthly water demand.

Table 3 Socio-economic attributes of the respondents (n = 497)

Variable	Frequency	%
Household size
1–5 people	313	63
6–10 people	128	25.8
11 people and above	56	11.3
Total	497	100
Household ownership
Fully owned	340	68.4
Renting-private	50	10.1
Renting-public	107	21.5
Total	497	100
Total	497	100

Notes: Mean = 5.5, Standard Deviation = 3.8

Source: Field survey, 2020

Figure 6. Household size of the respondents and monthly water demand.

Figure 7. Household ownership of the respondents and monthly water demand.