Investigation the implications of climate change on crop water requirements in Western Nile Delta, Egypt

Figures & data

Figure 1. Case study area.

Table 1. Description of used GCMs from IPCC’s fifth assessment report (AR5), (Flato et al., 2014).

No.	Model	Developer Country	Spatial resolution for atmospheric variable (longitude*latitude)	Spatial resolution for ocean variable (longitude*latitude)
1	ACCESS1.3	Australia	192*145	360*300
2	ACCESS1.0	Australia	192*145	360*300
3	BCC-CSM1-1	China	128*64	360*232
4	BCC-CSM1-1-m	China	320*160	360*232
5	BNU-ESM	China	128*64	128*64
6	CanESM2	Canada	128*64	256*192
7	CCSM4	USA	288*192	320*384
8	CESM1-BGC	USA	288*192	320*384
9	CESM1-CAM5	USA	288*192	320*384
10	CMCC-CM	Italy	480*240	182*149
11	CMCC-CMS	Italy	192*96	182*149
12	CNRM-CM5	France	256*128	362*292
13	CSIRO-Mk3-6-0	Australia	192*96	192*189
14	EC-EARTH	Netherlands	320*160	362*292
15	FGOALS-g2	China	128*60	360*196
16	FGOALS-s2	China	128*108	360*196
17	GFDL-CM3	USA	144*90	360*200
18	GFDL-ESM2G	USA	144*90	360*210
19	GFDL-ESM2M	USA	144*90	360*200
20	GISS-E2-H	USA	144*90	144*90
21	GISS-E2-H-CC	USA	144*90	144*90
22	GISS-E2-R	USA	144*90	288*180
23	GISS-E2-R-CC	USA	144*90	288*180
24	HADCM3	UK	96*73	96*73
25	HadGEM2-AO	UK	192*145	360*216
26	HadGEM2-CC	UK	192*145	360*216
27	HadGEM2-ES	UK	192*145	360*216
28	INMCM4	Russia	180*120	360*340
29	IPSL-CM5A-LR	France	96*96	182*149
30	IPSL-CM5A-MR	France	144*142	182*149
31	IPSL-CM5B-LR	France	96*96	182*149
32	MIROC4H	Japan	640*320	1280*912
33	MIROC5	Japan	256*128	256*224
34	MIROC-ESM	Japan	128*64	256*192
35	MIROC-ESMCHEM	Japan	128*64	256*192
36	MPI-ESM-LR	Germany	192*96	256*220
37	MPI-ESM-MR	Norway	192*96	802*404
38	MRI-CGCM3	Japan	320*160	360*368
39	NorESM1-M	Norway	144*96	320*384
40	NorESM1-ME	Norway	144*96	320*384

Figure 2. Historical climate data for both Nu and Ma.

Figure 3. Monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall at Nu for both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (10-years intervals).

Figure 4. Monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall at Ma for both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (10-years intervals).

Figure 5. Projected reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for Nu, (a) using RCP4.5, (b) using RCP8.5.

Figure 6. Projected reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for Ma, (a) using RCP4.5, (b) using RCP8.5

Figure 7. Results of historical and mean projected crop water requirements for Nu.

Table 2. Historical and increasing projection rates of ET0 in Nu and Ma under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.

Month	Nu			Ma
	Historical ET0 (mm/month)	Increasing rate in 2100 (RCP4.5)	Increasing rate in 2100 (RCP8.5)	Historical ET0 (mm/month)	Increasing rate in 2100 (RCP4.5)	Increasing rate in 2100 (RCP8.5)
Jan	2.75	5.2%	12.4%	2.35	5.6%	12.3%
Feb	3.86	4.7%	11.3%	3	5.7%	12.3%
Mar	4.59	6.3%	12.6%	3.43	6.5%	12.7%
Apr	6.43	3.6%	9.3%	4.8	5.1%	11.4%
May	7.67	4.6%	9.8%	5.8	4.8%	10.5%
Jun	8.15	4.6%	10.1%	6.48	5.1%	11.2%
Jul	7.9	5.2%	11.7%	6.35	5.4%	12.2%
Aug	7.46	5.1%	12.2%	6.15	4.8%	12.1%
Sep	6.43	4.6%	10.8%	5.51	4.7%	11.4%
Oct	5.46	4.2%	10.9%	4.42	4.3%	10.3%
Nov	3.71	5.1%	11.7%	3.58	4.3%	11.2%
Dec	2.87	5.9%	12.8%	2.43	6.2%	12.0%

Table 3. Historical and projected CWR for summer, winter and permanent crops in Nu and Ma under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.

Crop	Nu					Ma
	Historical CWR	RCP4.5		RCP8.5		Historical CWR	RCP4.5		RCP8.5
		CWR increasing rate (m^3/fed/10 years)	CWR increasing rate in 2100 (%)	CWR increasing rate (m^3/fed/10 years)	CWR increasing rate in 2100 (%)		CWR increasing rate (m^3/fed/10 years)	CWR increasing rate in 2100 (%)	CWR increasing rate (m^3/fed/10 years)	CWR increasing rate in 2100 (%)
Summer Crops
Sugar beet	2696	23.04	7.1%	30.1	10.2%	2395	23.71	7.1%	29.1	10.1%
Cotton	4417	34.56	6.6%	46.05	11.0%	3968	40.11	8.0%	46.4	11.0%
Summer maize	3183	28.8	7.5%	34.3	9.5%	2816	23.04	7.1%	28.8	9.3%
Summer tomato	2696	23.04	7.1%	28.61	9.6%	2399	25.71	7.3%	30	10.2%
Watermelon	3463	27.648	6.7%	33.25	10.0%	2992	31.10	8.9%	35.2	10.6%
Sweet melon	3380	20.736	5.2%	24.11	7.8%	2916	25.10	7.3%	28.6	9.6%
Winter Crops
Wheat	1649	15.18	8.1%	19.33	11.5%	1385	17.28	8.5%	21.9	11.6%
Alfa Alfa	1037	8.06	6.5%	11.1	8.9%	908	8.46	6.7%	11.3	9.0%
Winter potato	2582	18.89	7.1%	24.81	10.0%	1997	21.83	8.8%	26.5	10.1%
Winter squash	1638	10.37	5.4%	13.1	8.1%	1397	12.81	6.3%	15.83	8.1%
Broad bean	2229	17.28	6.5%	22.42	9.2%	1890	19.58	6.9%	23.1	9.5%
Permanent Crops
Orange	5288	52.97	8.4%	64.2	9.6%	4371	61.34	9.7%	69.8	10.3%
Apple	6283	60.51	8.1%	74.6	9.4%	5397	66.96	9.1%	76.5	9.8%
Grape	4417	41.47	7.8%	50.1	9.0%	3915	38.69	7.5%	46.2	9.2%
Olives	5184	54.06	8.5%	62.7	9.6%	4381	68.74	9.4%	78.3	10.1%

Figure 8. Results of historical and mean projected crop water requirements for Ma.

Flato, G., Marotzke, J., Abiodun, B., Braconnot, P., Chou, S. C. , and Forest, C. (2014). Evaluation of climate models. In climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (741-866). Cambridge University Press.

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