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Research Articles

Enhancing wheat productivity utilizing nano- and bio-fertilizers in water-scarce Sinai, Egypt, under different irrigation systems

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Pages 209-224 | Received 16 Dec 2023, Accepted 08 Feb 2024, Published online: 11 Mar 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental location.

Figure 1. Experimental location.

Table 1. Physicochemical analysis of experimental soil.

Table 2. Amount of applied water under each irrigation system.

Table 3. Effect of different fertilization techniques on soil chemical properties using drip irrigation system.

Table 4. Effect of different fertilization techniques on soil chemical properties using furrow irrigation system.

Table 5. Wheat plant growth and seed index as affected by crop water requirement (CWR) levels in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 6. Number of plants, yields, and harvest index (HI) as affected by crop water requirement (CWR) levels in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 7. Water productivity (WP) affected by crop water requirement (CWR) levels in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 8. Wheat plant growth and seed index as affected by irrigation methods in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 9. Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by irrigation methods in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 10. Water productivity of biological, grain, and straw as affected by irrigation methods in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 11. Plant height, root length and spike length, spike weight, and seed index as affected by fertilization type in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 12. Number of plants/m2, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index of wheat as affected by fertilization type in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Table 13. Water productivity (WP) of wheat crop as affected by fertilization type in 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Figure 2. Combined effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on plant height (cm).

Figure 2. Combined effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on plant height (cm).

Figure 3. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on seed index.

Figure 3. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on seed index.

Figure 4. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on straw yield (t ha-1).

Figure 4. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on straw yield (t ha-1).

Figure 5. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on harvest index.

Figure 5. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on harvest index.

Figure 6. Water productivity of biological yield (t ha-1), grain and straw (kg m-3) as affected by irrigation method and fertilizer type.

Figure 6. Water productivity of biological yield (t ha-1), grain and straw (kg m-3) as affected by irrigation method and fertilizer type.

Figure 7. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on spike length (cm).

Figure 7. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on spike length (cm).

Figure 8. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on spike weight (g).

Figure 8. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on spike weight (g).

Figure 9. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on number of plant /m2.

Figure 9. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on number of plant /m2.

Figure 10. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on root length (cm).

Figure 10. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on root length (cm).

Figure 11. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on grain yield (t ha-1).

Figure 11. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on grain yield (t ha-1).

Figure 12. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on biological yield (ton ha-1).

Figure 12. Combine Effect of irrigation method and fertilizer type on biological yield (ton ha-1).