Assessing the impacts of canal rehabilitation and lining on groundwater conditions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Locations and satellite images of study areas of El Sabeel canal in Qalyubia and El Estable canal in Sharqia, Egypt.

Figure 2. Top clay layer thickness at the study area of Al Sabeel canal.

Figure 3. Base of aquifer at the study area of Al Sabeel canal (a) and El Estable canal (b).

Table 1. Aquifer thickness and hydraulic parameters for simulated areas.

Case Study	Aquifer Type	Layer name	Layer thickness (m)	Horizontal hydraulic conductivity (KH) m/day	Vertical hydraulic conductivity (KV) m/day	Transmissivity (Th) m2/day	Average Salinity
El-Sabeel canal area		Clay cap	1–16	0.025–0.0025	0.0025–0.00025
	Semi-Confined	Nile Delta aquifer	230–250	30–70	3–7	1200–1300	500
El-Estable canal area	Phreatic	Nile Delta Aquifer	400–470	40–60	4–6	2000–2300	3500

Figure 4. Grid Mish, installed observation wells, and production wells at El-Sabeel(a) & El-Estable (b) study areas.

Figure 5. Horizontal cross sections A-A in El-Sabeel & B-B in El-Estable study areas.

Figure 6. Observed versus calculated groundwater heads (m) for model calibration in 2021 at El-Sabeel(a) & El-Estable (b) study areas.

Figure 7. Calibrated groundwater head contour map and velocity distribution in 2021 for the study areas of El-Sabeel (a) and El-Estable (b).

Figure 8. Water balance analysis for the calibration prior to lining El-Sabeel (a) and El-Estable (b) study areas.

Figure 9. The amount of saved water calculated for the tested scenarios within the next 9 years from El-Sabeel and El-Estable canals.