http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-9502
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ABSTRACT
Research for new forms of risk mapping operational for the management of territories requests further development than the analytical approach based on hazard/vulnerability by integrating the functional complexity of territorial systems. Resilience, including absorption and recovery capacity, opens new perspectives placing the territory at the center of the analysis and risk management in a dynamic and systemic approach of ‘risk situations'. However, to map and assess territorial resilience in a systemic and integrative, in terms of space and time, manner presupposes an appropriate conceptual framework, which is still lacking. In this paper, we use the concept of ‘spatial ergonomics’ to propose a conceptual framework that can assist in the definition of operational strategies of territorial resilience before, during and after an event occurs. To do so, vulnerability and resilience are to be considered together and are being modeled as a set of related antagonisms in order to apprehend their interactions within the territory in the different phases of the process. The approach proposed identifies the much-needed connection between hazard/vulnerability/resilience on the territory working towards the production of diagnostic tools to help developing a resilient management.
RÉSUMÉ
La recherche sur les nouvelles formes de cartographie des risques opérationnelles pour la gestion des territoires demande plus de développement que l’approche analytique basée sur le couple aléa / vulnérabilité, en y intégrant la complexité fonctionnelle des systèmes territoriaux. La notion de résilience, comprenant les capacités d’absorption et de récupération, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en mettant le territoire au centre de l’analyse et de la gestion des risques dans une approche dynamique et systémique des ‘situations à risques’. Pourtant, cartographier et vérifier la résilience territoriale d’une façon dynamique et systémique, au niveau spatial et temporel, présuppose l’existence d’un cadre conceptuel approprié qui fait défaut. Dans cet article, nous utilisons le concept d’’ergonomie spatiale’ pour proposer un cadre conceptuel qui peut aider à la définition de stratégies opérationnelles de résilience territoriale avant, pendant et après qu’un évènement ait lieu. Pour cela, la vulnérabilité et la résilience doivent être considérées ensemble et doivent être modélisées comme un ensemble d’antagonismes en relation, afin d’appréhender leurs interactions avec le territoire aux différentes phases du processus. L’approche que nous proposons identifie les connexions essentielles entre l’aléa, la vulnérabilité et la résilience sur le territoire afin de produire un outil de diagnostic pour aider au développement d’une gestion résiliente.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Eliane Propeck-Zimmermann is a Professor at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Strasbourg. She began her career at the University of Normandy in 1995. She served as co-responsible of the multidisciplinary center ‘Risks’ MRSH Caen from 2000 to 2008. She conducted research in Canada as an associate researcher at the Centre for Research in Geomatics of Laval University Quebec from 2008 to 2009. She joined the University of Strasbourg in 2009 and obtained her HDR in 2015. She has been in charge of research on industrial risks and has participated in various projects on industrial and road hazards. Her research focuses on spatial analysis and mapping technological risk, local vulnerabilities, the development of methods and tools for consultation and decision-making (GIS application integrating the logic of actors).
Thierry Saint-Gérand is a Professor of Geography at the University of Normandy (UCBN), Caen and Director of the Laboratory IDEES. He has worked at the University Paris I as Maître de conférences since 1988 and at UCBN since 1993. He obtained his HDR at the University of Rouen in 2002 and was appointed as professor at the Faculty of Geography UCBN in 2003. He assured the direction of Master 2 ‘Geomatics for Geo Risks and Information Processing’ from 1999 to 2009 and various research programs on socio-technical risks (particularly road). His research focuses on GIS modeling methodologies of spatial information (hypergraphique method HBDS), spatial analysis procedures (vector geoprocessing, algebra maps, spatial interaction models) and the development of operational concepts, implementable in GIS (risk situation, spatial ergonomics, urban intensity).
Hélène Haniotou is an Associate Professor at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture, NTUA. She has started her career as an architect and urban designer in Athens, and won several prizes in national competitions. She has worked at the European Commission as a consultant (DG Environment). She obtained her Doctorate in Geography at the University of Strasbourg and started working as a researcher then Maître-assistant associé at the School of Architecture (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Strasbourg) and the Faculty of Geography and Regional Planning in Strasbourg. Since 2009, she is working with the NTUA (Assistant Professor, then since 2015 Associate Professor) and since 2013 she has the direction of the laboratory of Urban Design.
Eirini Skrimizea is a PhD Candidate in Urban Studies at the Gran Sasso Science Institute in L’Aquila, Italy since 2014. Her thesis discusses socio-ecological complex systems’ dynamics and thresholds, environmental uncertainties and clean water management practices. She has a background in both engineering and social sciences and has participated in research projects in Greece, France and Italy. In 2010, she graduated with an MSc in Rural and Surveying Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). She also holds an MSc in Planning and Sustainability from the University Francois-Rabelais, Tours, France; and an MSc in Urban and Regional Planning from the School of Architecture, NTUA. She has worked as a Bluebook trainee at the DG Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection of the European Commission.
ORCID
Hélène Haniotou http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-9502
Notes
1 The model proposed is the result of a very first reflection that needs to be included in a more complete modeling of the functioning of a geo-anthropo-system.
2 The socioeconomic characteristics of the household have an impact on its ability to access the variety of resources, this differentiation should be considered in a second phase.
3 The concept of chain of activities determines the access to resources not only from the residence but also from one resource to another, which makes the problem even more complex.