Figures & data
FIGURE 1 NASA’s logo to promote the 2016 Space Poop Challenge competition (Image credit: NASA, 2016, available at https://www.nasa.gov/feature/space-poop-challenge).
FIGURE 2 NASA’s logo to promote the 2020 Lunar Loo Challenge competition (Image credit: NASA Citation2020, available at https://www.nasa.gov/solve/nasas-lunar-loo-challenge/).
FIGURE 3 Main section of the crew habitat building, one of several dome and pyramid shaped structures arranged on the Biosphere 2 facility in Oracle, Arizona (Image by author, March 20, 2011).
FIGURE 4 Some of the many orbital trajectories of GIS, communications, earth observation, and military satellites extending Earthly interactions beyond its imagined atmospheric boundary (Image by Nicola Citation2022).
FIGURE 5 Still shot from ‘Tears in Space (Don’t Fall)’ of Canadian Space Agency Astronaut, Chris Hadfield (Video credit: Canadian Space Agency, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P36xhtpw0Lg).
FIGURE 6 Apollo-era fecal containment device, defecation bag with finger cots for separation (Image credit: NASA, available at http://collections.spacecentre.co.uk/object-2017-33, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License).
FIGURE 7 Winning design of NASA’s 2016 “Space Poop Challenge” by Dr. Thatcher Cardon (Image credit: NASA, available at https://www.nasa.gov/feature/space-poop-challenge, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License).
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