Standardising the splinternet: how China’s technical standards could fragment the internet

Figures & data

Figure 1. Comparison of internet layer models.

Table 1. Comparison of internet layer models.

OSI Model	TCP/IP Model	DII Model
Application	Appilication	Third Party Application
Presentation
Seesion		Resource Management
Transport	Transport
Network	Internet	Blockchain
Data Link	Network Access
Physical		Physical

Figure 2. Primary governance organisations by internet layer.

Table 2. Primary governance organisations by internet layer.

OSI Model	Currenet Primary Organisations	DII Primary Organisations	DII Model
Application	Industry, W3C	W3C, ITU	Third Party Application
Presentation	IETF, W3C
Seesion	IETF, W3C	ITU	Resource Management
Transport	IETF, ETSI
Network	IETF, IANA, ETSI		Blockchain
Data Link	3GPP, IEEE, ETSI, ITU
Physical	3GPP, ITU, ETSI, GSMA	3GPP, ITU	Physical

Table 3. Work Items in ITU-T and their Relationship.

Work item information				Related to
Title	Work item	Study group	Question	DLT	Identity	Network 2030
O/11 Integrated space-terrestrial network signalling and protocols in new IP networking; P/11 Protocols for the control and management of high precision and deterministic IP	New work item questions for 2021-24	11	New			X
Framework and requirements of Decentralised Trustworthy Network Infrastructure	Y.DNI-fr	13	2	X		X
Requirements for distributed ledger systems	F.DLS	16	22	X
Architecture for a name resolution service in information centric networks	H.ICN-NRArch	16	21		X
Identification mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles using object identifiers	X.677 (ex X.uav-oid)	17	11		X
Decentralised IoT communication architecture based on information centric networking and blockchain	Y.dec-IoT-arch	20	3	X
Reference framework of converged service for identification and authentication for IoT devices in decentralised environment	Y.IoT-CSIADE-fw	20	6		X
Also see Focus Group Network 2030						X