Towards an understanding of global ‘private ordering’ in ICANN: text mining 23 years of Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) Decisions

Figures & data

Table 1. Metadata parsed from UDRP cases.

Variable	Description
provider	DRSP (includes derivative DRSPs)
caseFiledDate	Date case was filed
caseNumber	Case ID
casePublishedDate	Date case was published
complainants	Case complainant(s)
decision	Case outcome
decisionDate	Date of case outcome
decisionText	Full text of case
decisionUrl	Case URL
domains	Doman(s) disputed in case
importedDate	Date case was added to DAP.Live
panelists	Case adjudactor(s)
panelSize	Number of adjudactor(s)
precedentCases	Precedent cases cited
registrar	Domain registrar(s) of domains disputed in case
respondents	Case respondent(s)
sectionA	Text of Section A
sectionB	Text of Section B
sectionC	Text of Section C
sectionCompContentions	Text of complainant(s) contentions
sectionFacts	Text of case facts
sectionFindings	Text of case findings
sectionHistory	Text of case history
sectionRespContentions	Text of respondent(s) contentions

Table 2. Details of data cleaning cases removed by DRSP.

	UDRPfiles_Full (n = 75,590)		UDRPfiles_English (n = 68,218)		Difference (n = −7372)
Provider	n	Proportion	n	Proportion	n	Percent change
ADNDRC	2411	3.19%	757	1.11%	−1654	−68.60%
Beijing	602	0.80%	132	0.19%	−470	−78.07%
Hong Kong	1574	2.08%	584	0.86%	−990	−62.90%
Kuala Lumpur	27	0.04%	12	0.02%	−15	−55.56%
Seoul	208	0.28%	29	0.04%	−179	−86.06%
CAC	647	0.86%	269	0.39%	−378	−58.42%
NAF	30,754	40.69%	30,617	44.88%	−137	−0.45%
WIPO	41,778	55.27%	36,575	53.61%	−5203	−12.45%

Figure 1. UDRP cases decided per year.

Table 3. Domain names contested per case.

Domain names contested per case	UDRP cases	Share of total (%)
1	62,758	83.08
2	6165	8.16
3	2069	2.74
4	1226	1.62
5	734	0.97
6–244	2577	3.41
245 or more	12	0.02
Total UDRP cases	75,541

Figure 2. Cumulative market share of DRSPs.

Figure 3. Market share of DRSPs by year.

Table 4. Precedent cases cited per case.

Precedent cases cited per case	UDRP cases	Share of total (%)
1	5637	9.3
2	4915	8.1
3	4215	6.9
4	3428	5.6
5	3116	5.1
6–10	13,051	21.5
11–20	21,282	35.0
21 or more	5155	8.5
Total UDRP cases	60,799

Figure 4. Top cited precedent cases.

Figure 5. Top cited precedent cases by outcome.

Table 5. Outcomes by DRSP.

	ADNDRC		CAC		NAF		WIPO		All
Complainant wins	2113	88.1%	268	98.5%	27,917	90.8%	36,883	89.1%	67,181	89.8%
Respondent wins	136	5.7%	4	1.5%	2630	8.6%	3873	9.4%	6643	8.9%
Split decision	–	–	–	–	142	0.5%	–	–	142	0.2%
Terminated/cancelled/settled	149	6.2%	0	0.0%	63	0.2%	623	1.5%	835	1.1%
Total UDRP cases	2398		272		30,752		41,379		74,801

Table 6. Outcomes in contested cases by DRSP.

	ADNDRC		CAC		NAF		WIPO		All
Complainant wins	205	91.12%	28	100.00%	5884	74.87%	9788	79.15%	15,905	86.28%
Respondent wins	19	8.44%	–	0.00%	1890	24.05%	2413	19.51%	4322	13.00%
Split decision	–	0.00%	–	0.00%	64	0.81%	–	0.00%	64	0.20%
Terminated/cancelled/settled	1	0.44%	–	0.00%	21	0.27%	166	1.34%	188	0.51%
Total contested cases	225		28		7859		12,367		20,479

Table 7. Outcomes in default cases by DRSP.

	ADNDRC		NAF		WIPO		All
Complainant wins	110	98.22%	20,752	97.26%	20,897	96.56%	41,759	97.35%
Respondent wins	1	0.89%	485	2.27%	390	1.80%	876	1.65%
Split decision	–	0.00%	71	0.33%	–	0.00%	71	0.11%
Terminated/cancelled/settled	1	0.89%	29	0.14%	356	1.64%	386	0.89%
Total uncontested cases	112		21,337		21,643		43,092

Table 8. Decision times by DRSP.

	60 days or more		Below 60 days		Total
	Cases	Share of DRSP cases	Cases	Share of DRSP cases	Cases	Mean (days)
CAC	4	1.5%	268	98.5%	272	36
WIPO	14,785	46.5%	17,007	53.5%	31,792	63
Total	14,789	46.1%	17,275	53.9%	32,064	63

Table 9. Decision times by outcome.

	60 days or more		Below 60 days		Total
	Cases	Share of outcome cases	Cases	Share of outcome cases	Cases	Mean (days)
Complainant wins	12,906	45%	16,054	55%	28,960	62
Respondent wins	1634	63%	966	37%	2600	72
Terminated/cancelled/settled	249	49%	255	51%	504	63
Total	14,789		17,275		32,064

Figure 6. Decision times over time.

Figure 7. Key complainants.

Figure 8. Key respondents.

Figure 9. Frequently used words in UDRP cases.

Figure 10. Most important words in UDRP cases.

Figure 11. Top 20 topics in UDRP cases and their top seven words.

Figure 12. Topics in UDRP cases by period.

Table 10. UDRP cases decided by time period.

Period	Number of Cases	Share of total (%)
2000–2006	13,389	18
2007–2013	19,807	27
2014–2019	19,410	27
2020–2023	20,216	28
Total UDRP cases	72,822

Table

Topic	Gamma	Top 7 Terms
Topic 48	5.9%	event, position, relies, extent, earlier, explained, concerned
Topic 36	4.7%	complete, application, federal, purchase, purchased, remain, meet
Topic 25	4.3%	searle, compagnie, tropic, hustle, concrete, martin, mktg
Topic 42	4.2%	assocs, prop, tex, operate, adequately, bond, diverting
Topic 19	4.1%	receipt, database, copies, assigned, telephone, appointment, requesting
Topic 20	4.0%	expire, conclusory, ready, multimedia, dismiss, subjective, unsubstantiated
Topic 31	3.4%	revenue, sponsored, parking, advertising, traffic, generate, advertisements
Topic 33	3.2%	risk, implied, social, jurisdictions, carries, targeting, dictionary
Topic 47	3.2%	methods, agency, famous, kaisha, kabushiki, infringing, continuous
Topic 28	3.1%	fraudulent, phishing, scheme, fraud, send, impersonate, employees
Topic 14	3.0%	pattern, selling, disrupting, renting, misleadingly, banking, credit
Topic 17	2.9%	sold, sells, selling, fashion, accessories, unauthorised, store
Topic 49	2.9%	aol, prods, hanna, commentaries, barbera, entm, gerberg
Topic 9	2.8%	software, media, entertainment, video, popular, news, articles
Topic 16	2.5%	ireland, britain, community, trading, london, goodwill, proprietor
Topic 45	2.3%	misspelling, typosquatting, intentional, typographical, error, errors, typing
Topic 13	2.3%	advertising, promoting, promotion, recognition, television, extensively, media
Topic 38	2.2%	europe, north, distribution, stock, equipment, asia, markets
Topic 21	2.1%	reproduces, paris, unaware, covering, famous, renewed, duly
Topic 2	1.9%	difference, john, virtually, travel, hotels, enterprises, deficient
Topic 18	1.9%	entmt, paul, hanna, prods, barbera, commentaries, differences
Topic 30	1.8%	jr, receives, referral, receiving, charles, manager, michigan
Topic 12	1.7%	substantive, proceed, delay, translation, familiar, informed, merits
Topic 44	1.6%	negative, impossible, consensus, task, requiring, bears, abusive
Topic 41	1.6%	falls, remains, listing, fall, illustrative, derived, forms
Topic 40	1.4%	telstra, nuclear, marshmallows, passive, plausible, conceive, illegitimate
Topic 35	1.4%	republic, switzerland, japan, italy, kong, federation, korea
Topic 11	1.4%	pharmaceutical, roche, hoffmann, medical, healthcare, health, aventis
Topic 37	1.4%	data, americas, oki, asd, disclaimer, disclose, distributor
Topic 15	1.4%	standard, standing, involves, viewed, components, threshold, assess
Topic 27	1.3%	texas, associates, cayman, recognise, comply, consented, scope
Topic 1	1.3%	inactive, distinctiveness, actively, contemplated, passive, degree, message
Topic 5	1.3%	balance, probabilities, onus, evaluation, publicly, affect, assessment
Topic 6	1.2%	david, grounds, additions, rise, concrete, supra, indicative
Topic 7	1.2%	alaska, airlines, air, dawn, disruptive, limb, alia
Topic 3	1.2%	discretion, conducted, ability, possibility, adduced, fairness, exercise
Topic 26	1.2%	brand, sweden, decades, construction, subsidiaries, brands, famous
Topic 43	1.2%	stores, retail, mart, wal, choice, department, confused
Topic 32	1.1%	preliminary, controlled, relate, registrants, instant, control, claiming
Topic 46	1.0%	insurance, automobile, farm, smith, mutual, illinois, anderson
Topic 8	1.0%	sports, properties, matthew, games, contend, fourth, partner
Topic 39	1.0%	alter, hyphens, air, devices, punctuation, seeks, white
Topic 22	0.9%	terry, realm, peppard, noting, pertinent, save, alterations
Topic 10	0.8%	morris, philip, express, precedent, fame, inconceivable, takes
Topic 29	0.8%	criteria, brown, expression, rely, chosen, arises, approval
Topic 4	0.7%	airlines, empire, turkey, consistent, opinion, turkish, note
Topic 50	0.7%	northern, goodwill, profit, evidenced, inclusion, supported, tucows
Topic 23	0.6%	fulfilled, croatia, condition, peter, infers, consistently, summarised
Topic 24	0.5%	digital, dr, chen, wang, juris, brand, master
Topic 34	0.4%	modern, michael, richard, citing, vanguard, management, ventures