An easy-to-use scoring system for predicting bacteraemia with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in a low-resistance setting

Figures & data

Table 1. Univariate analysis with chi-square and Mann–Whitney’s U-test in the derivation cohort of risk factors for bacteraemia with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E).

	3GCR-E +	3GCR-E –	p Value
Parameter	(n= 57)	(n= 568)
Age, median	72	74	.367
Sex			.049
Men	36	281
Women	21	287
Previous hospitalization^a	34	301	.337
Previous surgery^b	10	73	.320
Nursing home^c	7	90	.479
Previous catheter use^d	16	113	.146
Previous antibiotic treatment^e	12	72	.077
Immunosuppressive treatment	10	95	.875
Hospital care abroad	9	19	<.001
Hospital acquired infection^f	11	101	.776
Previous prostate biopsy^g	0	6	.436
Previous 3GCR-E –positive in rectal swab culture^h	8	5	<.001
Previous 3GCR-E –positive in blood and/or urine^i	13	3	<.001

The numbers given for 3GCR-E + and 3GCR-E – represent the number of blood cultures.

^a Spent at least one night in hospital within the year preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^b Surgery within the last month preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^c All varieties of residency except the patient’s own home.

^d Urinary catheter use within one month preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^e Treatment with fluoroquinolones, second or third generation cephalosporins within three months preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^f Patients who developed symptoms of infection more than two days after admission to hospital.

^g Prostate biopsy within the last month preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^h Previously, 3GCR-E – positive in rectal swab culture within two years preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

ⁱ Previously, 3GCR-E – positive in blood and/or urine within two years preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E) bacteraemia.

Parameter	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Hospital care abroad	3.7 (1.3–10.7)	.016
Previous 3GCR-E –positive in rectal swab culture^a	5.3 (1.2–23.9)	.032
Previous 3GCR-E –positive in blood and/or urine^b	38.2 (9.9–147.9)	<.001

^a Previously, 3GCR-E – positive in rectal swab culture within two years preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.

^b Previously, 3GCR-E – positive in blood and/or urine within two years preceding the Enterobacterales-positive blood culture.