Mortality of COVID-19 is associated with comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow-chart of the selection process of the study group consisting of 63 hospitalised patients with COPD and COVID-19 and a matched control population of 63 patients with COVID-19 without COPD. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: coronavirus 2019 disease.

Table 1. Characteristics of 63 hospitalised COPD patients with COVID-19 and 63 matched COVID-19 patients without COPD.

Characteristics	Non-COPD	COPD	p-value
	N = 63	N = 63
Age median (IQR)	75 (70–81)	75 (70–81)
Sex, female n (%)	38 (60.3)	38 (60.3)
Obesity^a n (%)	12 (28.6)	13 (27.1)	0.875
Smoking status^b n (%)
Never	19 (50.0)	3 (5.1)
Former	18 (47.4)	42 (71.2)
Current	1 (2.6)	14 (23.7)
Comorbidities n (%)
Diabetes	16 (25.4)	13 (20.6)	0.526
Cancer	6 (9.5)	4 (6.3)	0.509
Chronic kidney disease	4 (6.3)	8 (12.7)	0.224
Asthma	4 (6.3)	11 (17.5)	0.054
Hypertension	37 (58.7)	49 (77.8)	0.022
Chronic heart disease	14 (22.2)	25 (39.7)	0.034
Cerebrovascular disease	8 (12.7)	21 (33.3)	0.006
Peripheral vascular disease	3 (4.8)	6 (9.5)	0.299
Chronic liver disease	0 (0)	1 (1.6)	0.315
Dementia	9 (14.3)	9 (14.3)	1.000
Rheumatic disease	4 (6.3)	4 (6.3)	1.000
Other immunosuppressive disorder	0 (0)	1 (1.6)	1.000
Modified CCI score^c median (IQR)	1 (0–2)	2 (1–3)	0.050
ICS treatment n (%)	4 (6.3)	35 (55.6)	<0.001

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

^aMissing data in 21 subjects in the non-COPD group and in 15 subjects in the COPD group.

^bMissing data in 25 subjects in the non-COPD group and in 4 subjects in the COPD group. No statistical calculation was made due to limited number of observations in some groups.

^cCCI score was reduced by one point for chronic lung disease in COPD patients.

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p ≤ 0.05 level.

Table 2. Outcome of 63 COPD patients and 63 matched non-COPD patients hospitalised with COVID-19.

	Non-COPD	COPD	p-value
	N = 63	N = 63
Severe disease^a n (%)	20 (31.7)	27 (42.9)	0.197
30-day mortality n (%)	14 (22.2)	22 (34.9)	0.115
Length of stay, days median (IQR)	9 (5–16)	9 (5–13)	0.304
Admission to ICU n (%)	11 (17.5)	5 (7.9)	0.108
Mechanical ventilation n (%)	9 (14.3)	3 (4.8)	0.069

ICU: intensive care unit.

^aWHO clinical progression scale grade ≥6.

Table 3. Factors associated with mortality in 63 COPD patients with COVID-19.

	30-day mortality
	p-value	odds ratio	95 % CI
Age	0.10
Sex	0.49
Comorbidities
Diabetes	0.35
Cancer	0.61
Chronic kidney disease	1.00
Asthma	0.30
Hypertension	1.00
Chronic heart disease	0.08
Cerebrovascular disease	0.04	3.1	1.03-9.3
Peripheral vascular disease	0.41
Chronic liver disease	0.35
Dementia	0.52
Rheumatic disease	0.12
Other immunosuppressive disorder	1.00
Modified CCI score^a	0.03	1.4	1.03–1.78
ICS treatment	0.34

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid therapy; CI: confidence interval.

^aCCI score was reduced by one point for chronic lung disease in COPD patients.

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p ≤ 0.05 level.