Ableism as a determinant of priorities for the development of disability football: a critique of European National Football Associations

Figures & data

Figure 1. An Importance Performance Chart. Source: Adapted from Martilla and James (1977).

Figure 2. The UEFA region and respondent National Associations. Source: Authors adapted from mapchart.net.

Table 1. The final survey indicators and items.

Section	Indicator	Survey items
S1	Disability awareness	1. The promotion of disability awareness training for individuals or groups
		2. The facilitation of disability awareness training for individuals or groups
		3. The funding of another’s provision of disability awareness training for individuals or groups
		4. The inclusion of etiquette training as part of disability awareness training
		5. Monitoring the impact of disability awareness training on services
		6. Evaluating the impact of disability awareness training on services
S2	Disability football	1. The promotion of football for people with disabilities
		2. The facilitation of training courses to make coaches and athletes aware of football for people with disabilities
		3. The facilitation of football for people with intellectual disabilities
		4. The facilitation of football for people with physical disabilities
		5. The facilitation of football for people who are blind or partially sighted
		6. The facilitation of football for people who are Deaf or hard of hearing
		7. The facilitation of football for people with mental ill health
		8. Conducting research into effectiveness of training courses on football for people with disabilities
		9. Conducting research into effectiveness of playing programmes for people with disabilities
S3	Resources and competencies	Financial Resources
		1. Direct funding of promotional activities
		2. Direct or “seed” funding of disability football programmes
		Physical Resources
		3. The provision of accessible amenities (toilets, concession stands, Changing Places toilets) for people with disabilities
		4. The provision of transport for participants in elite disability football
		5. The provision of equitable sports science support for elite disability footballers
		Intellectual Resources
		6. A dedicated programme of activity aimed at increasing the engagement of people with disabilities
		7. A knowledge-bank of good practice for engagement of people with disabilities
		8. A disability football programme managed at National Level
		9. National Association supported opportunities to share your best practices with others
		Human Resources
		10. A national coordinator responsible for the engagement of people with disabilities in football
		11. The coordinator should at least be a member of the middle management team
		12. A dedicated staff member responsible for developing participation opportunities for people with disabilities
		13. A core team of staff (employed) responsible for the delivery of these opportunities
		14. A core team of staff (voluntary) responsible for the delivery of these opportunities
		Competencies
		15. Staff training in disability awareness
		16. Staff training on causes of discrimination and social inclusion
		17. Staff training in disability football coaching
		18. Staff training in workplace integration
		19. Staff training in the monitoring of programme effectiveness
		20. Staff training in the evaluation of programme effectiveness
		21. Opportunities for specialist staff to present their work at workshops or conferences

Table 2. Cronbach’s α coefficients of each indicator under study for the importance and performance scores.

Indicator	Number of items	Cronbach’s α
		Importance	Performance
Overall score	36	0.979	0.976
Disability awareness	6	0.934	0.932
Disability football	9	0.956	0.952
Financial resources	2	0.833	0.916
Physical resources	3	0.794	0.689
Intellectual resources	4	0.946	0.947
Human resources	5	0.955	0.916
Competencies	7	0.958	0.948

Table 3. Statistics and effect sizes of the tests for the overall mean scores of importance and performance for the seven indicators under analysis.

Indicator	Importance	Performance	I–P gap	t	p	d
Disability awareness	3.88	2.39	1.49	7.079	.000	1.232
Disability football	4.06	2.44	1.62	9.697	.000	1.688
Financial resources	3.83	2.64	1.19	5.087	.000	0.885
Physical resources	3.72	2.55	1.17	6.570	.000	1.143
Intellectual resources	3.97	2.52	1.45	6.945	.000	0.966
Human resources	3.62	2.53	1.09	5.354	.000	0.931
Competencies	3.71	2.35	1.36	6.708	.000	1.167

Figure 3. Overall position of indicators in IPA chart. Source: Authors.

Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77–79. doi:10.1177/002224297704100112

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