B chromosome polymorphism in South American cichlid

Figures & data

Table 1. Occurrence of B chromosomes in Cichlidae. Classes of B chromosomes: (I) large B chromosomes, usually as big as the largest chromosome pair in the karyotype, (II) small B chromosomes, usually the size of the smallest pair of the karyotype, and (III) microchromosomes [6].

Origin	Species	Site	2n	B chromosome class	Reference
South America
Geophagus brasiliensis		Parana River	48	III	[9]
Cichlasoma paranaensis		Parana River	48	III	[9]
Crenicichla niederleinii		Parana River	48	III	[9]
C. reticulata		Uatumã, Solimões and Negro Rivers	48	III	[24]
C. lepidota		Patos Lagoon	48	II	[23]
Gymnogeophagus balzanii		Miranda River	48	III	[17]
Cichla monoculus		Uatumã River	48	III	[24]
C. sp.		Uatumã River	48	III	[24]
Africa
Etroplus maculatus		Aquarium trade	46	III	[21]
Metriaclima lombardoi		Aquarium trade	44	I	[21]
Lithocromis rubripinnis		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
L. rufus		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
Haplochromis obliquidens		Aquarium trade	44	I	[32,33,43]
H. pagiodon		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
H. pyrrhocephalus		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
H. tanaos		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
H. sp. “purple yellow”		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
H. sp. “Matumbi hunter”		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
H. fisheri		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
Pundamilia pundamilia		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
Neochromis greenwoodi		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
N. rufocaudalis		Lake Vitoria	44	I and II	[44]
Paralabidochromis chilotes		Commercial source	44	II	[45]

Figure 1. (A) Distribution of Crenicichla lepidota [10]. (B) Map showing the localities of C. lepidota with known cytogenetic data: 1 = Miranda [17] and 2 = Comprida Lake, Aquidauana [11] both belonging to the Upper Paraguay River basin (MS, central Western Brazil); 3 = Porto Rico [9], Paraná River Basin (PR, southern Brazil); 4 = Posadas [20], Paraná River (Misiones, northwestern Argentina); 5 = Agronomic Experimental Station of UFRGS and 6 = Capivara Stream [23] both from hydrographic system of the Patos Lagoon (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil); 7 = São Gonçalo Stream and 8 = Polegar Lake [22], southern Patos Lagoon; 9 = Saco da Alemoa, 10 = Gasômetro [23] and 11 = Quadros Lagoon [present study]. Localities 9 to 11 (in red) presented B chromosomes.

Figure 2. Karyotypes of Crenicichla lepidota from Quadros Lagoon, southern Brazil. (A) 2n = 48. (B) 2n = 48 + 2B. (C) 2n = 48 + 3B, (D) 2n = 48 + 4B. Giemsa stain and C-Band are shown for each karyotype, respectively. Bar represents 5 μm.

Figure 3. The first metacentric chromosome pair of Crenicichla lepidota from Quadros Lagoon, highlighting the markers NOR, DAPI/CMA3, and FISH with 18S rDNA probe.

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